(Warning: Atam sim na a, simsuak teitei dia gelh ahi. Na lailak tawp leh hoih hetlou di ahi)

Ei singtangmi (tribal), abik in student te’n Government apan hamphatna leh kankuahna tamtak imu ua, huaite ahidi mah sak khak theih ahi. Class X izoh leh college ikai apat in enle: general category te atoh teh dia mark tawmchik mu hi napi in college hoih tatak ah seat piak in i om ua (Delhi University khawng abiik in ngaihtuah lechin), tribal hihna ziak in izil sungteng scholarship piak in i om zomah lai uh. Post-graduate masters course adia midangte sang a entrance examination fee tawmzaw pia, entrance exam a mark tawmzaw mu napi in seat i hontang a, Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship chihbang ana omnawn zawmah. Government nuai ah kam (jobs) ihon zong nawn a, exam fee piak ngailou, or, tawmchik pia (adangte atoh teh dia), result alah eimah quota ana omlai. Huaikia hilou, singtang apan a laisim kipan haklua chih solkar in ana thei inchin, hon khotuah lua, ikum bang le relaxation hon bawlsak zomah uh: Huaibel, civil services exam bang ah, general category candidate te’n kum 30 aphakma ua 4 vei chauh gelhthei uh, eilawi inchu kum 35 iphak mateng i ut zah veivei athawn a gelhthei¹. Government in hon awlmoh lua, huai exam te adi bang a athawn a coaching khawng hon bawlsak lai hitel e. Independence muhma bang a India mi civil services alut ut te London a English medium a exam dia ava kuan uh ngai hi ei. Bangzah hiamtak vaching zomah lai uh. Tulai in bang abuaipih ale, government in? Government a dinmun sang penpen, Secretary to the Government ichih telawi tan singtangmi IAS te omlou phial, huai pawna a promotion quota honpiak sawm zomah dan uh ahive. Hiaibel, constitution in ‘equality of opportunity’ honpiak sa pen hunsa lou a, ‘equality of outcome’ ei favour a honpiak sawm chih hitel². Kipah huai na inchin, fair chiahlou aka. Kenchu kisuan lah huai salua....

Bang chidan a hiai bangteng deihsak tuamna (positive discrimination) India government nuai a ana kitang kha laizang ahia le?

America te’n amau gam (nation) adia pianpih khelhna (original sin) mivom te suak-le-sal a lakna (slavery) ana neihkhak uh ahi chisek uhi. Tutan pha in huaithu ah kizephawk (defensive) mahmah lai uhi. Huai bangdeuh in Indian society ah caste system chih sawtpi apan ana kizang a, hiai caste system pen minam khat in ahatlou zaw dang anuaisiah na vanzat maimai hilou in Hindu sahkhua a laisiangthou te’n huai didan mah in ana gelh uhi. Caste system nuai ah Hindu sung a nam tuamtuam te asangpen, siampu nam (Brahmin) te apan sepaih nam (Kshatriya), huai apan thilbawl/sumdawng nam (vaishyas), leh aniam pen Shudras kichi, atung a kigen jat 3 te poimoh moh semdi om diudeu hi. Hiai jat (varna) 4 teng nuai penpen ah Untouchable castes kichi anei ua, huai te bel nam sianglou angaih ahi uh. Amaute India a Hindu mi lak a 20% lakvel pha di ua gintak ahi. Khosung ahle teensak ahikei ua, lai asin di uh phal ahikei a, midang toh public space azatkhawm uh phallouh ahi a, Biakbuk te a alut uh phal ahikei a, khedap bulh phallouh in, apaina nung uh khekhap sukmang nadi in singhiang khawng kai in lampi ah pai uhi. Mun khenkhat diak ah aliim (shadow) un midang aliah khakdi phallouh ahih man in zingkal leh nitak lam, liim asau penpen hunte in kongpua a a om uh phallouh ahi. Hiai dante bohse khate lah akhe uh, akhut uh peuh tansak in, gentheihna gen vuallouh petmah anam pumpi un ana thuak uhi.

India in independence honmuh in constitution gelh tu, India heutute atamzaw Britain khawng a laisin, laisiam leh dansiam, liberal tatak khawng ahi ua, hiai khotang lak a untouchability kizang pen dan leh constitution zang a sukbei honsawm uhi. Constitution a a preamble bang sim dedet lechin, atup pen state leh mimal kal a relation didan genfel sang mah in, society sung a nam tuamtuam kidei danna sukbei a, social transformation tunsak di chih mahmah ahizaw.³

Hiai social transformation tunsak na ding panlakna, gol tatak a gen in, nih hong kizang hi. Akhatna ah constitution leh dan (law) nuai ah untouchability nuai a mi nuaisiah na tuamtuam te chiin leh zat kham ahi a, unlawful leh crime apuan a om in, huaite midang tung a zang omleh suangkul tan sak di chih himai. Anihna ah, deihsak tuamna (positive discrimination/affirmative action) policy, hiai akhang akhang a suk gentheihna (historical injustice) anathuak den namte tunding nawnna dia bawl ahi. Hiai ahi reservation policy ichih chih ukha.

Hiai bang a deihsak tuamna tang ding namte feltak a zonkhiak thil namai ahikei a, hilele, untouchable caste a ana kithei teng, solkar in ‘scheduled caste’ chi’n alompi in hon kaikhawm a, apoimoh dungzui a khentheih zel di’n, huaisung a telkha nam (caste) teng bel SC nuai a om, reservation policy hamphatna tang di chih ahimai.⁴ Hiaipen ahoih di geelna himahleh atel khalou te adia ‘discrimination’ hi veve ahih man in deihdan pen hilou, apoimoh ziak hizaw a, huaiziak in kum 10 hal zel a India solkar in enthak zeldi, poimoh nawnlou asak chia lakhe di chihdan ahi.

Ahihleh, eilawi la? Eilawi bel ipu-ipa ua pan a kuadang phawkphak louh, enle kuadang phawk tuanlou a, eimah gam kineih sung a ana khosa kihi ahi. British te’n India hong vaihawm lai un, ei gam le hong zou in, British-Indian government nuaiah honna koih uhi. I tenna gam uh tanggam kawmbu pilak, tuipi leh phaizang gamte apan gamla pi a om ahihman in hon gal-uk ua, ‘excluded/partially excluded area’ khawng honna chi maimai ua, khovel changkanna mu banlou, barbaric, ‘wild tribe’ dan in honna koih uhi. Ahi a, British te sangmah in India mite leh avaihawm te’n hon theilou zawlai uhi. Hilele, India in zalenna honmuh chiang in, British te’n amau vaihawmna gamteng India te khut a pekhia, huchi in India gamnuai a omkha kisuak maimah hi.⁵

Ahi a, scheduled tribe ichih chia ei, northeast India a mongoloid melpu, hill-tribe techauh hi zenzen louzel. Northeast hill-tribe te India a scheduled tribe kichi tenglak ah 10% le ki phalou ahi. Mainland India a ST tebel plain-tribe ahi deuh ua, adivasi (original inhabitants) khawng akichi deuh ua, gammang mah achu teng in, eisang a tuantual zawtham, hilele, mel-le-puam, tawndan leh pau ah Hindu ichih te naihzaw uhi.

Scheduled tribe ichih te scheduled caste te toh mah atung apan a bawlkhiak leh reservation piak khawm, paikhawm helhel ahi ua, hilele, SC te banglou in ST te telkhiak haksa pi ahi. SC te bel Hinduism nuai a untouchable caste a omte hipah lel uh; ST ahih chiang in omna tuam, tawndan tuam, leh SC te dan a experience kibang nei hi zenzen lou uhi. Huaiziak in, ST a omna ding in, eligibility criteria chiangtak le a omthei kei. Geographical isolation, low social and educational development, distinctive cultural practices, lack of organized religion, oral tradition, primitive agriculture, etc. khawng hi liim-liam hi. India mite honna theihdan tangpi, head-hunting primitive tribes, chihdan kikheng zok hetlou ahihman in huaidan toh tutan hon mekmat lai ua, huaikhawng ziak a SC leh plain-ST tetoh hon simkhawm a deihsak tuamna kitang le hiding hi.

Ahi a, hoihtak a et thak dedet hileh ei northeast a hill-tribe te tamtak hiaibang deihsak tuamna tang a omkha nawnlou di ihi, chinuam ihi. Hiaiziak mah a, hiai hamphatna om gige hetlou di, a omsung in zat phatuam a zang in, lai hahsim in ki tungding ni chi ihi.

JNU a kum 5 phial ka omsung in scheduled caste te dinmun bangzah hiam kathei khia hi. Kum aza asim nuaisiahna, huaibang khop nuaisiahna khovel koimah dang a omlou, ana thuak ahih man un, amel-apuam, akhohei uah kilang mai hi. Mihing hihna nei zoulou, sub-human, niin leh kihhuai chih a ana omkia lou uh, atatak a niteng a ana thuak ahihziak un amau mahmah le huaidan a kimu (internalize) in, maingal zou hetlou uhi. Amau sung ki theihna di’n Dalit chih zang ua, dik mahmah; Dalit chih ‘chilsiat/bawlsiat gawp a om mi (broken people)’ chihna ahi. Brahmin khat in ‘ka khedap liak aw’ chileh liak ngaldia mansa dan in om uhi. Khotang lak a bawlsiatna teng banah Hindu dan nuai a sahkhua laibu asim uh phallouh, leh lai asin (education) mawngmawng uh phallouh ahih maimah chia kitun ding didan om hetlou suak hi. Hiai mah atheihziak uh ahi, Dalit heutu masa Jotiba Phule, E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar), leh B.R. Ambedkar chihte khawng in laisinna (education) leh ‘self- respect’ chih mahmah ana hahgen uh⁶. Periyar in political movement a phuhkhiak in ‘Self-Respect Movement’ ana chi a, akhonung in DMK hongsuak hi. Hichibang movement khawng ziak in tutan in Tamil Nadu, India a state te lakah social justice issues ah progressive penlai hi.

Hiai teng ziak a, scheduled caste ichih te’n chu reservation poimoh tatak mah uh; deserve le deserve petmah uh himai, tutan inle.

Scheduled tribes lak ah le mainland India a omte atamzaw zawng leh primitive petmah lai uhi. Civilization theikha nai vetlou a amau om om a om, mual-le-guam, sing-le-suang bia, vuaktang a omlai tampi petmah om uh. Tulai a Naxalite movement ichih te hatna, solkar inle a control phaklouh gam mang khawng leh mining site, hydro-electric dam project site khawng, common property area ah khosa ua, compensation gina le mulou in genthei uhi. Huailou te lah Andaman & Nicobar islands khawng a vuaktang a tai vonvon lai uh. Reservation amau adia kipia le tang phalou, thei phalou a tamtak omlai uh.

Eipawl bel a hampha pente hihang. Nidang in primitive petmah, zu-le-sa ne in eimah buut-buut in ana bu mahle hang, tuchiang inbel atangpi in changkang mahmah i hita. Hiai hun sawtlou chik sung a changkanna ihon muhna ziak poimoh pen a katheih chu Jesu Khrist hotdamna gospel ahi. Sapte hongpai in gospel hongpuak zenzen ua, huaitoh kiton in laimal (alphabet) hong bawlsak ua, laisim poimoh dan hong sinsak uh. Laimal leng Meitei te akhawng banglou in English alphabet mah honna pia ua, eipau isiam toh English siam ithuah thei ua, tuchian chu Lamka khawng school kaithei chiangte sapte siam zahzah in English isiam achih theih maita. Imphal, Shillong, Delhi khawng a college leh university hoihpen te akai in, asiam mahmah pawl bang in ipangta uhi.

Anihna ah, eipawl nam neuchik himah lehang i pu-le-pa khang apan in kuamah in honna thuneih khum, gentheih bawl ngei kei uhi. Eimah khovel neuchik sung ah nuamtak in, kuamah lauh neilou in i na khangkhia ua, self-respect chih bangchu inei hoihthei mahmah uh. Nidang deuh a iki sial sekna te uh, ‘kapa tapa kahi, kuamah gal lau in katai ngeikei, buh-le-bal kakham kanei, kuamah ka engkei’ chih dante kha ana diksim thou dan ahi. Hiaiziak mah in, tawmchik chilou di’n thunuai lutzek, minuai dan a omkhak chihte i ngai theikei ua, Mizo te’n MNF movement lai a hon huailut asawm un ina dal ek ua, Meitei te bang inle hong nehzek dan a a omchiang un i pom theikei. Hiai tribal pride leh leave-me-alone attitude ziak in solkar toh kisai thilsai di, dohzoh zek ngaite bangle i ngak peihkei ua, i omna ah ki om phiuphiau in, kuamah in hong subuai buai keile uh chih mahmah i ut uh abang. Delhi khawng nasan ahle ‘compromise’, ‘patience’ chihte i peihkei ua, kuamah va subuai buai lou, kuamah dang le polh sawmlou, kuahiam in hon simmoh isak alelah zohle zohlouh thutuam, tangtel sihtan mah ibang zel uh. Hiai paidan, traits te hi, democratic system sung ah a disadvantage na atam mahmah. Hilele, atung a igen Dalit te dan a belam bang a dai dide te chu kihi lou eive. Khauh mahmah, ngam mahmah. I sukkhak nalam lam le bun mahmah.

Hiaite banah, nidang a khovel dangtoh athu leh atak ale kikawm lou (geographical isolation) le a apply nawnkei a, Lamka a zing an ne, sun an Delhi ah, chihbang ahita. Puktaw a tai ngai, silh-le-teen neilou a genthei hial le ki omnawn louphial hilou hia, Pathian vualzawlna ziak a. Lai gelhthei lou/sim theilou chih bangle tawm mahmah ta di. Lamka leh akiim khawng ah lou nasem hiam industries a kivak top chihle omnawn ahia, solkar nasep na, service sector, himai louhia I kingakna uh. Middle class chih bang hunkhop mahmah ki omthei ta. Hichibang in socially, educationally, economically a empowered ihita uh. Hiaite ziak ahi, objective taka etthak hileh deihsak tuamna deserve nawnlou di ihi, ichih. Hilele, democratic politics ziak leh India a thil ana omsa vakhen kik haksa lua ahihman in positive discrimination hamphatna tutan ingah denlai uhi.

Hileleng, igen sa bang in, hiai hamphatna kum 10 hal a sutzom zel ahi a, omden di chihna omlou ahi. Hi napi in, eilawi in I hamphatna ngeingaih gawp bang ka kisa. Tulel a I omdan uah intelligent, bright leh talented mahmah na pi in hardwork tatak I ngapkei uh abang. Hiaiziak in simbeh ekle ngai khollou, ina theihsa tekhawng leh natural talent toh zohtheih Assistant Grade level khawng ah I tam ua, hardwork tatak ana ngaihna civil services khawng tan tun haksa I sazel uh. Tamtak te I hamphatna te nuamtak sa in complacent gawp, admission chu mumu, hilele course complete zou mahmah lou le itam. A zumhuai mahmah ahi.

Panla thak in, laisim mah pibawl thak ni. Hiaibang hamphatna itu-ita te’n angah lai di uh kichi theilou ahi. Reservation in atup pipen le lai hon sinsak di, hon siamsak di, huai tungtawn a achangkang sa te toh kikim a hon tunding di, chih ahi. Zogam bang itlua, ngaihtuah tuah ihih lele laisiam a, sepna hoihtak neih kaan a I gam adia I pan theihna omlou ahi. Ka mi ka sa te adia phatuam hi di; ahilou tawp a puakgik hilou di, chih bek hanchiam ni. Tulai khovel paidan ah gam leitang itna (territorial nationalism) sang in a mite itna, dopsangna (people-centric nationalism) chihlam poimoh zawta bang hi. Singapore tekhawng ngaihtuah mahdih, gam leitang va it di chih omlou pi, a mi omkhawm te himai eivoi. I chihsek bang in tawmchik hi lele laisiam vek in India hiam, Manipur hiam ah position poimoh te luah mawkle ei vaihawmna gam himai di aka. Joyful Tonsing chih bang in MLA, MP khawng neizou dia i number in daih mahmah lou ahihchia, vaihawmna ngah theihna dia bureaucracy mah i chance hoihpen uh hilai hi.

Huaichiah, ahihtheih liaileh, atung a igen hamphat tuamna omte ziak in government nuai a sepna te mah muhsawm ni. Sector tuam tuam a branch-out bel poimoh lua. Private sector ah le dan hoihtak nei a kipua, corporate sector leh dan gina tak nei nailou BPO sector ichih bang omsawn lai ding hi. Company lian, Tata group, Reliance, HUL, ICICI Bank, Infosys leh NGO liantak te khawng bel government bangphial a dan hoihtak a kipua ahi ua, i peihleh damsung pumpi le sepsuak theihna munte ahi. Huan, government adan a, dull a dull hilou, work environment le vibrant, merit ale incentive om, banah loh le hoih zomah ahi achi uh. Hilele, hiaibang position hoih te graduate naran in ngah khollou zel; MBA, Engineer, Law professional, chihkhawng chauh lazel uhi. Amuh baihlam deuhna BPO sector leh single-owned company tekhawng bel dan leh regulation hoihtak om nailou, a neitu thuthu hisim, damlouh chiang nasan a suty om theilou, loh ki cut chetchet mai, chihte bel tup louhphot di, a heutu lam a vapang zoudia fel ihih keileh⁷. I lut khak vanglak leh apawtnawn haksa ahi chih theih di. Financial security mahmah poimoh chiatlai ihih ziak ua i gen ahi.

Atawpna ah, a awlmoh huai khat ahihleh post-graduate student i tawmluat uh ahi. JNU leh DU khawng i etleh eilam sang a Naga te bang, Meitei te bang serious tak a Political science, sociology, history chihkhawng PhD tan zoudia zil tam mahmah uh; agam itdan ule ei asang a gil zawtham.

Eilam ahih leh JNU bang achu languages lambang a kitam zel⁸. Tunung chia amau gam-le-nam vaia lai hon gelh tamzaw di uh, athu uh honghat zaw di chihna himai. Gam bawlsawm ihih leh hiai te khawng zil dia ki sawl ban a, apoimoh leh ki sponsore tuak ahi. Gam tangthu, politics leh dan chiiktak a thei, laisiam dotdi neilou pi a tulai khovel a gam thu bangchi sai himhim di?⁹ Huaichiah, college tankhawng a lecturer a pangthei hunkhop i omta ua, hilele, i gam-le-nam vai khawng a scholarly intervention, EPW ahihkei leh le Sangai Express/Manipur Express tanbek ale honneih lam uh kithei tawmlua. Lecturer te awllua uh ichi mawk ua, laisim/research bawl/thilsut na ahun azat ua, society adi leh policy adi banah knowledge production him him adia hon contribute didan uh ahi. Awlmoh di tam e.

Bangteng hileh, atung a kigelh te ahi bialbual chih kathei a, hilele awlmoh natak toh gelh ahi. Tukum thak ah sinlai te hahpan thak ni. Don’t waste time. Do something. Strive. Excel. Read. Think. Write. Speak. Laisim a kikhel chihle a om zenzen kei, ka theichiang lua. Tulai gam itna thautawi hi nawn teuhlou ahi. Thautawi te khut ah i gam leh khotang maban di nga mahmah keini.

Footnotes/References:
1. Hiai age relaxation bang le ana phatuam lawtel ahi. Kei mimal ah graduate nung sawtpi a MA sinthak kahih man in kum ana tam man a, UGC nuai a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) bang age relaxation ziakin kamu a, tua Lok Sabha Secretariat a ka nasep lel (Committee Assistant) bangle age relaxation ziak a mu kahi (upper age limit for generals, 27; SC/ST, 32). UPSC nuai a Civil Services main exam kipia pia te bangle age relaxation ziakvek a hithei ahi. Huainung a i chinkei lai lebel thutuam hong hi dia...

2. Constitution nuai ah equality of ‘status’ leh ‘opportunity’ kinei hi. Equality of status ichih bel mihing chiat chiat akibang a treat na, identical treatment ahihkei leh ‘colour-blind equality’ dan ahi a, miteng I dinmun leh siamdan kibang deklou ahih man in, huntawk zoulou kisa hi. Huaitoh kizui in ‘equality of opportunity’ le om a, huaibel kuapeuh in amau starting position apan theihtawp suah a, lohchinna di chance neivek di, huai kidem nadia ‘level-playing field’ omsak di chihdan ahi. America, ‘land of opportunity’ achih gige uh dan toh kibang ahi. Hiaile fair zoulou lai bang; St. Stephen’s college a graduate toh Motbung College a graduate mi nih exam khat ah pesak lebel a result di theih hak hetlou di. I starting position kibat sak sawmphot di hilou di hia, chihna a reservation mahle hong om ahi. Hiaiteng banah ‘equality of outcome’ chih omlai a, hiai ahihleh miteng in equal opportunity aneih ban ua, atun na di tan ule, deidanna omlou a akibat di chihdan ahi. Communist gam khawng ah kizang le kilawm. Adeihlou te’n hahtak a pan nadi incentive teng beisak chi uh. Tua, promotion a quota omsak di chihle hiai dan piansim ahi.

3 Western democracies te’ constitution te ah desired values tuamtuam, liberty, equality, justice chih te lakah liberty, huaile individual liberty and freedom, mahmah ki poimoh ngaih chi uhi. India ah bel liberty sang in justice ki masa sak zaw a, huai le ‘Justice- social, economic and political’ kichi suk diudeu lai hi. Social justice ihon chih nawnchia lah caste system leh untouchability target na liauliau hisim, Indian context ah. Social justice pen first virtue a akingaih banah, ‘fraternity (ki unauna)’ bangle a fourth virtue ah om a, huaile caste distinction te sukbei sawm na hi zel hi.
4 Hiai ah, nuaisiah a om theihna tuamtuam omnawn hi. Economic, social leh political discrimination chi’n khentheih hi. India ah thil dangteng sang in social discrimination (huaichuh, caste discrimination) ki poimoh ngaihpen. Huaiziak in, SC a omna ding in income criteria apoimoh in kingai lou hi. Kum tampi nung a OBC te reservation akipiak apan in ‘economic leh income criteria’ a tehna hong kizang pan chauh hi.

5 Hiai thu, abiik a Zomi kichi te tangthu hoihdeuh a theinuam te simtheih di laigelh bangzah hiam ineita a, huaite lak ah L. Lam Khan Piang’ gelh, “Ethnic mobilization for decolonization: colonial legacy (the case of the Zo people in Northeast India)”, Asian Ethnicity, Ist Issue, 2012; or, David Vumlallian Zou, “The historical Study of the ‘Zo’ Struggle”, EPW, April 3, 2010, chihte bang ana simsawm lechin. Adang lechu a omthou dia.
6 Ambedkar in ahihleh Hindu sah khua a et vengveng chiang in Dalit te suahtak nadi omlou chih musuah hi. Hindu sahkhaw laibu te’n caste system sanction pia, support uh ahih chia aloh didan omlou. Hindu te’n caste discrimination a practice chiang ua sahkhaw dan a dan bohsia hih na malak a, dan zuikim hizaw daih uh. Gandhi in bel Hinduism in untouchability sanction pelou ahi, caste system kha ase pumpi hilou, bawlhoih theih chi. Ambedkar in bel bawlhoih didan omlou, Hinduism le sahkhua tatak dia chinglou ahi chi. Hiai ngaihdan ziak a atawp a Hinduism taisan a aheute toh Buddhism a kipia uh. Buddhism kha, Ambedkar ngaihdan a, pathian vachih tuam le om sese lou, most rational religion hidan ahi.

7 America khawng ah bel mi nautang te sepna muhna private sector mah ahi a, huaiziak in regulation hoihtak, minimum pay, work rules, leave, pension, insurance, chihte bangle kibawl vek hihtuak hi. India pen private sector tua igente mainstream a pai nailou ahih man a employer te’n employee te exploit lawlai uh bang hi. Tunung chia bel I maban di honghi zaw maithei. Tulel specialized study, MBA, PhD, law or media professional, ichih tekhawng adia solkar na vazon a buaihuai na bel, government in recruitment abawlchia atangpi a siamna leh qualification dungzui a khentuam lou inchin, ‘graduate’, ‘post graduate’, ‘doctor’, ‘engineer’ chihdan khawng tan, nidang a traditional course tengchauh huap a alompi a lakhawm vek masa in, a apply teng exam thaksak eksek inchin, line thak a siamna tuam neite adia thadah huai chilua, siamna tuam neite adia lateral entry lah Planning Commission chihkhawng lou a om nailou.

8 Ahi a, language le hoih lua, hong poimoh semsem di. Sepna lam ale chance tam dedeuh di. Tunung chiang a Indian Foreign Service (IFS) bang ale atuam a recruitment hong om maithei inchin, language specialist te, banah International Relations leh International Law khawng siamte hong poimoh mahmah di uh kici ahi. India, khovel adia gam poimoh ahong hih dungzui a, khovel dangtoh kisai na le nasa semsem, abiik a foreign language siam bang kitamsam diak dan ahi. French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese chih khawng siamte ana kisa un.

9 Thau toh gam bawlsawmna (gun patriotism, chimai ni) pen tu 21 st century ah painawn hetlou mah bang. Violent means zang a khovel a gamthak kibawl om nawnlou lam hita veh aw. Khovel in hiai dante kha nung ngatsan lam bangta… LTTE te bang, Chechnya helte apan Ireland, Indonesia, Philippines, Spain lam tan bang enle le. Terrorism toh mekmat theih mawk inchin, terrorism chih mawng mawng lah, 9/11 nungsang bad word hitop maita. Naga te bang inle phawk thouta uh ahi di-tunai a thuthak omte I etleh. Ahia, Naga te’n chu a laisiam te uh a cause uh adia thuzoh uh eive. Amau case UN leh forum dang a tun thei di, foreign educated, laisiam hunkhop mahmah nei didan uh ahi. Ei bang in, Saptuam te’n asem tute aban sindia asawl sek dan bang un, alunglut te sponsore theihdan bang omle chu se hetke kilawm; serious ihih leh.