MAINAWT: KHANGTOU DIAM
Dr Sanga R Laingek

Thupatna:

Mainawt kichi kammal omzia bang hi hiam? Nungtawn kichi kammal toh kilehbulh hithet a; malam manoh a paizom toutou chihna ahi hi. Kammal hoih leh nalh mahmah khat zong asuak hi. Nungtawn pen vuallelhna lam genna in zong kimangthei a, 'Mainawt' pen ahihleh lohchinna lam ahihke'h masawnna lam genna in kimang zel thei hi. Khangtou kichi kammal pen niamkiak lou a, lohchinna ahihke'h masawn zom ziahziah genna in kimang zel hi. A saangzawlam zuan a pai toutou genna zong hithei hi. 'Diam' ahih leuleu aleh apilpi genna ahihke'h michih/milip genna in kimang thei zel hi. Tua ahihman in, "Mainawt: Khangtou Diam" kichi kammal thum, 'syllable' nga kigawm ahi hi. Gen-le-kawk omzia mumal neitak asuak hi.

Nungtolh, kiakniamna leh nungkiik chih pen khantouh vai lou lua ahihman in, a pilpi a 'Mainawt: Khangtou Diam' diing in kalsuan zia ah pilvantuak tampi om diing hi. Kong tuamtuam, lam chiteng ah khantouhna toh kisai, mainawt a asaangzaw leh mun nuamzaw masuan a pai teitei hun in hon maituah ahi chih Manipur Singtang mite in a pilpi a 'Khantouh Diamna' diing thusim kiteltak a theihsiam kisam hi. Anuam leh haksa maituah diing kizahzen kal ah om in, dinmun haksatak in hon tuam kimvel mahleh, 'Mainawt' hun laitak ahi chih phawk a pu-pa satsa gam-leitang humbitna thilhih leh nasep seem chiat a aneu-alian pangkhawm a, hihtheihlam chiat ah seem-le-bawl a kihanchiam hun laitak ahi hi.

Koilam Zuan A Mainawt Diing?

The earth is the foundation of indigenous peoples. It is the seat of spirituality, the fountain from which our cultures and languages flourish. The earth is our historian, the keeper of events and the bones of our forefathers. Earth provides us food, medicine, shelter and clothing. It is the source of our independence; it is our mother. We do not dominate her; we must harmonize with her" (Julian Burger: Report from the Frontier, London, 1987:14).

Gam-leitang om lou in bangmah himhim kihihthei lou a; Mihing khempeuh zong nungta thei lou diing, huangvulh-ganta, gamsa leh ganhing nangawn nungta thei lou diing ahi chih kitel mahmah hi. Ih teenna, gam-leitang, i pu-pate in a luahna uh mun-le-mual huapsung neu lua hi het lou napi in, tuni chiangchiang ah laaksuh ahihke'h zekhem a om in Zosuante luahna gam-leitang pen melmakte gam suak gawp dek abang maimah hi. Gam-leitang vaisaina, mihing hinkhua leh nuntaak zia leh neek-le-dawn toh kisai khantouhna a thuukzaw seem a lungpi geel a ngaihtuah taktak hun in hon phanoh gawp ahihman in; Zosuante lak a mipil-misiam lungpi geel thei mite in theihna chiimtak aneihte uh mipite lak ah pilsiamna (awareness) apiaksawn theihna diing un Pawlpi heutute in koilam zuan a mainawt diing i hi uh hiam chih lunggeel a kikupkhawmna nei diing in hunzeek zihzeh theile uh ahoih in aphatuam ngei di'n i lamen tinten hi.

Pawl tuamtuam, khotang hinkhua leh sabiakna toh kisai a heutu dinmun leh mohpuakna anei mi kuapeuh lung kituak a pankhawm hun ahi chih kichianzaw seem a phawkthakna neih hun ah kituaklut ahihman in; kuamah peuh kimohsak hun hi lou hi. Banghang hiam chihleh, India Daan Bupi sung ah North-East India a om, Tribals mite a di'a humbitna diing hoihtak agelhthoh a om dimdiam hinapi in, Manipur State huamsung a singtang mite dinmun lauthawnghuai ah koih a om chitchiat in delthawng khol diakse hi. Manipur Singtang gam-leitang pen Daan dungzui a humbitna omsun ahihleh Article 371C nuai ah 'Hill Areas Committee Order, 1972' ahi lel hi.

Gam khat peuhpeuh kivaihawmna pen Daan dungzui a vaihawm ahi chih michih in i thei chiat a; Daan tuamtuam tampite lak ah: "Gam-leitang toh kisai vaihawmna Daan bang, mihing nuntaakna toh kisai vaihawmna Daan bang, Neekzonna toh kisai vaihawmna Daan bang genseng louh India Daan Bupi sung ah om vek hi." Ei toh kiheetkha kholdiak Daante theihna leh theihkakna hoihtak i neihtheihna diing in a theisiam leh siamna saang angah mite akipan zil diing tampi om ahihna ah Pilsiamna (Awareness) michih in ngah diing kisam petmah hi. Mimal kisinsiam a, laisim khawng limsaknawn kholdiak hun ah kituaklut hita hi. Huchi a lampi dik zui chiat a, 'Manipur Singtang Mite' khandan dik leh Gam-leitang humbit kawmkawm a Mainawt a; Khangtou Diam thei diing in kalsuan zia ah pilvantuak tampi om hi...!!

Pawl tuamtuam a heutute: Saptuam heutute, Pawlpi heutute, Khotaang heutute leh mipite in leitung nuntakna sung khempeuh ah michih mohpuakna 'Kibang' vek himahleh tua mohpuakna pen 'Kikim het lou' zel ahi chih chiamteh diing a hoih lua ahi.

Ih mohpuakna chiat michih in theisiam hile'ng bel buaina diing om lou diing a, kimavang in khangtou diam thei diing hi hangh...!! Mohpuakna kibang vek ahih toh kiton a, mohpuakna pen kikim het lou ahihlam phawk a, mimal khat in amah mohpuakna hi loupi ah kikum tam het kei henla, tua baan ah mohpuakna saang leh lian anei mi khempeuh in zong kiliansak mai lou a, thunuailut a kingainiam in semthei le'ng mipi tamzaw lungkim ngei diing un uphuai hi. Tua baan ah, mohpuakna kibang lou ahihlam zong kiphawkpih kisam hi. Thilkhat peuhpeuh aom louhna diing mun a aom chiang in phattuamna bei asuak hi. Daan dungzui a mohpuakna asemsuah thei mite mi phatuam leh manpha ahi uh chih phawk a; Gam-le-Nam Daan toh kituak a sep-le-bawl kong bangkim ah mohpuakna anei khempeuh mite in, mahni mimal mohpuakna ahi diing bangtak a diktatna toh sepkhiak diing ahi chih poimoh ngaihnawn kholdiak le'ng deihhuai petmah hi.

Gam-Leitang Sung Nuntakna:

Gam-leitang (Earth) kichi pen mihingte khosakna munpi diing him a Pasian in abawl hi a, mihing khosak theihna "Planet" dang himhim om lou; pu-pa tawndan bang, neek-le-dawn chihte tengteng gam-leitang mah akipan hong piangkhia hi zel; mihingte nuntakna hong kipatna bulpi pen thildang hi lou in gam-leitang mah ahi takpi hi. Gam-leitang sung ah pau-le-haam tuamtuam, mivom, mikaang, mi-eng, mihoih leh hoih lou, mi chikim kiteng khawm a; apilsiamte leh apangkhawm siam gam sehkhente mahni deihna bang dungzui a kivaihawm in nuntakna leh khosakna toh kisai niang-le-tai in leitung mun tuamtuam a mite nunnuam ngabang leeng uhi. Neek diing, silh-le-teen, damdawi leh kibukna diing nasan gam-leitang in gam-gah mihingte khosakna diing in hon puak hi. Tua ahihman in gam-le-nam itna mihing pianphung ah om chiat hi. Gam-le-Nam itna anei lian kholdiak leh awlmoh pipen a anei mi om tuamse lai hi.

Zosuante vangsiatna mahmah ahihleh Mangkangte in gam sehkhen thum hon suahsak uh ziak in tuni in kivaihawmna khat nuai ah om kha lou in, Gambung thum ah khosa in thuneitu tuam chiat in hon ukkhum zenhouh uhi (i.e., India, Myanmar & Bangladesh). Sabiakna toh kisai zong atuam ngen in hon tuam kimvel ahihna ah kideidanna nasa petmah mai hi. Mi tamzaw, neih-le-lam a inn-bulzaw leh siamsinna toh kisai dinmun hoihzaw, lemtangzaw baihlamtak a ngahthei pahpah Hinduism leh Budhism sabiak azui mite thuneihna nuai ah vangsiat huaitak a Zosuante nungta kha chitchiat uh ahihman in, hun tamtak ah haksatna leh lungzinna maituah kha sek uhi.

Mizoram a Zosuante dinmun ahihleh State piching a dopsaang ahihna ah nuntakdan paizia omze neitak in paithei asuak uhi. Amau-le-amau kivaihawmna nuai ah om uh ahihman in lungmuanhuai khat asuak hi. "Mizo kan ni, kan hmel athra, kan tum a sang bawk si..." chi in zaila awi ngiahngiah theita uhi: Manipur State huapsung a Zosuante (Chin-Kuki-Zomi), unau hihlam kitheituah vek hinapi, pau-le-ham neu chikchik atuam zekzek ziak lel khawng a kingeu-et in; 'Akta mangkuan kitu-kitu' mahbang in khat chih louh lamlam adang khat in gen chitchiat; kituak thei het lou sese a om in; Manipur State Sorkar deihdan hihtangtung a, 'khenzaak a vaihawmkhum thilgeel' (divide and rule policy) vanzat hoihtak, zekhemna khetphim chituam tuam amaute kaal ah guanlut a om gige pen nangzou lou mi khenkhatte omden lailai uh hileh kilawm zenhouh hi. Kikhenna piangsakthei thilgeel theisiam ut lou in, Zosuante kikhenzaak nangawn khawksa lou, mahni angmasial mi kimkhatte ziak in buaina apilpi in phu khatouden lai uhi.

Singtang Gam-Leitang Humbitna:

Manipur Singtang mite luahna gam-leitang huapsung pen 'Hill Areas' chi a chepteh in om chitchiatse hi. India State mundang Tribal mite luahna gamte pen Fifth Schedule nuai ah "Schedule Areas" a chepteh in om a, Sixth Schedule zat ahihna munte ah "Tribal Areas" kichi hi. India Daan Bupi Khenpi 371C sung ah: "Manipur Legislative Assembly (Hill Areas Committee) Order, 1972" – India Vaihawmna Innpi ah President lui Shri V.V. Giri in tangpi-tangta theih diing in 20th June, 1972 ni in thupuan bawl hi. India Daan Bupi sung ah Manipur Singtang Gam humbitna omsun hiai, "Hill Areas Committee (HAC) Order, 1972" ahi chih mi piching kuapeuh in bel i theihsiam chiat uh uphuai hi. Hill Areas Committee Members a pang zel mite bel Tribal MLAs teelching a om mi 19 leh Nominee 01, akigawm a mi 20, Manipur Legislative Assembly ah Daan bawltute lak ah, HAC members hihna leen in mohpuakna liantak, Singtang mite tengteng sik-le-tang in vakihel zel uhi. Amaute mohpuakna thupi in gol petmah hi. Singtang gam-leitang humbitna toh kisai Daan kibawl khempeuh amaute lemsakpihna tel lou in Hill Areas huapsung ah Manipur Innpi Vaihawmna ah 'Bills passed' chih himhim om thei lou hi.

Mipite sik-le-tang a gensaktu, Daan bawltu, lamdik a pitu nasep-seem diing a kipumpiak leh sih-le-hin kaal ah azu-a-haam thuak a, Daan dungzui a singtang mite in hamphatna angah diing dawl uh piak in aom uhia, om lou... chihte tengteng enkaitu di'a muang mahmah a "Hill Areas Committee Members" hihna poimohtak leen diing a mipite'n a teelching uh ahi peuhmah uhi. Teelching a om kuapeuh in a teeltu mipite hamphatna, khantouhna diing leh singtang gam-leitang humbitna diing ngeingaih lou a, mahni mimal angmasialna ahihke'h mimal lunglutna chiangtan lel buaipihpen a aneithei hun phet mipite in MLAs kiteelching hita hiam chih mipite houlimna pipen asuak maimah hi. Banghang hiam chihleh, August 31, 2015 ni in Manipur singtang gam laksuhna diing leh Manipur singtang mite pen gamdang mi suahtheihna diing baan ah sumdawng a neekzonna toh kisai singtang mite a diing a nawngkaina om thei, Daan huaise deuh mai, "the 3 Anti-Tribal Bills" nialkalhtu om het lou leh baihlamtak in 'Tribal MLAs' teng in lemsakpih uh ahi ngei diing a, dai sipsip in paisuaksak henhen maimah uhi.

Hill Areas Committee Thahatna:

Thahatna (Power) buchingtak Hill Areas Committee (HAC) in azuih a, azat diing in, India Daan Bupi Khenpi 371C-na pansan in HAC Order, 1972 Phualpi Vaihawmna Innpi ah India mipite theih diing a puankhiak a om hinapi in kum 45 vaal zat louh in Tribal MLAs-te in tunitan 'Party Discipline' chih peuh paulap a nei in koihdap zenhouh uhi. Singtang mite a diing a nasem ut leh gam-leitang humbit ut mi kua hiam: HAC Member khat peuhpeuh a diing in Manipur Cabinet Minister dinmun kidelhhuan noinoi a vadeihluatna diing om lou hi. Ahi diing bangtak a HAC in thahatna aneih khitsa pen zangsiam hile uh bel singtang gam khangtou mahmah diing a, gam-leitang humbitna toh kisai tu dinmun saang in bubitzaw thamtham diing in uphuai hi. HAC thahatna zat louh diing a pammaih lua ahihlam kitheihmoh bawl hiam, ahihke'h a thei het lou mah mipite in kiteelching kha nilouh ahihle bel tuni akipan mipi ai-oh, MLAs kuapeuh bil nei khempeuh in za uh henla, a teelchingtu, mipite in zong tunung-tubaan pilvanhuai lua ahihlam ih phawkthak chiat uh deihhuai petmah hi.

Tulai in "Separate Administration" (a tuam kivaihawmna) mipite dangtaakna ahi a, huaiziak in HAC in a thahatna bangtak a zat ut a zui kichian hi maizenle bel a tuam kivaihawmna chikhat kipankhin hi diing a; HAC Chairman pen Hill Chief Minister hi geih lel diing hi. Tua dinmun a dingthei diing in bel MLA Candidate di'a kisa singtang mi kuapeuh in 'National Political Party Ticket' lunggulh vet lou in, Hill Areas Committee poimoh ngaih masapen in koihthei chiatle uh thil paidan fuh mahmah diing hi. Vice Chairman pen Hill Dy. Chief Minister hipah lel diing a, Members dangte pen Cabinet Ministers & Parliamentary Secretaries toh dinmun kibang in om thei diing uhi. HAC Order Para 6-na ah chiangtak a akigelh dungzui in Manipur Innpi ah, State Five Year Plan & Annual Plan phaijang leh singtang gam a sum zat diing khempeuh atuam vilvel a bawl in aom hia – om lou, chih HAC in etchetna anei masa phot diing a, huchi'n HAC in lemsakpihna apiak dungzui in Innpi Vaihawmna ah luikhia in "Plan Schemes Finalized" kibawl theipan phet diing chih ahi hi. Phamsa, T. K. Hangzo, CJM in, "HAC pen Mini-Union Territory hi mai" chi in SSPP Annual Magazine ah kum 1978 in ana gelh hi. Hiai thu pen 1972 akipan tunitan kikhek nai tuan lou ahi chih chiamteh chiat in, singtang mipite kihilh pilna di'n zangthei tek le'ng deihhuai petmah hi.

Hill Areas Committee thuneihna leh thahatna azangtu diing mite'n neu koih lou in, ahi diing bangtak in zangsiamle uh Manipur Singtang Gam-Leitang humbit in omden diing a, kivaihawmna mumaltak in paitheita diing hi. Mailam hunte ah, Manipur State Sorkar ah Minister dinmun kidelhhuan mai lou in, amasapen in hiai HAC Chairman & Vice Chairman Tribal MLAs sung ah diktak in hong kiteelkhia uh henla [Vide, Clause 218 of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business In Manipur Legislative Assembly under Chapter XX (Hill Areas Committee), page 86]. HAC Chairman & Vice Chairman diing kiteelna ah Manipur Chief Minister pen Daan kalh a kigolh vettak diing ahihlouhdan theikawm in, Members 20 teng pangkhawm in kihanchiam theile uh chih deihsak thu i puang ahi. Huchi in, "Mainawt: Khangtou Diam," chi a Zosuante in Zogam ah Zion La sa a lungtuak pheiphung khat khai in kalsaang tawi thei diing uhi...!!

Thukhupna:

Mabaan ah Mainawt diingdan thukup tam lou taklangh lai le'ng uthuai i sa hi –

1. The Manipur (Hill Areas) District Council Act, 1971 pen 'Parliament Enactment' ahih toh kiton in "Amendment" kintak a Parliament mah ah bawl hi henla, India Daan Bupi sung a kigelh bang ngei in ADC huamsung teng ah Sixth Schedule Provisions zat-le-zuih ahih a; Bodo Territorial Council dinmun toh kibang a dopkang hileh bang achi dia?
2. Sustainable Political Solution (e.g., Statehood or Union Territory) Singtang mite poimoh pipen ahihman in SoO Group in 'Tri-partite Political Talk' kintak a aneihtheihna diing un Tribal Peoples' Movement hatsak semsem hileh bang achi dia?
3. Tribal Issue bang hi hiam chih Tribal-te mah in "Identify" bawl diing, Common Issue theihchetna hoihtak mipite in aneih theihna diing a 'Awareness Campaign' nasatak a bawl hileh bang achi dia?
4. Nam makaite leh Innpi vaisaitute in atam theipen 'Consultative Meeting' nei zelzel uh henla; Singtang mite apilpi a gam-leitang kepbitna toh kisai a khanlohna chikhat ahong piankhiakthak theihna diing a mailam nawt a kalsuan zia ah pilvangzaw seem a malak hileh bang achi dia?
5. Zosuante kipumkhatna hoihzaw leh kitanauna kepbit seem ahihtheihna diing in Pawlpite leh NGOs makaihna nuai ah 'Seminar' ahihke'h 'Conclave' atam theilam hon buatsaih zel theile uh bang achi dia?