MYANMAR GAM BUAINA PART II

~ Vungzamuan Valte

ETHNIC ISSUES AND INTERNAL CONFLICTS…….

EI ZOSUANTE LILIAI: Ethnic issues ah i lutma un, ei Zosuante dinmun genmasa sin leng deihhuai kasa hi. Early 1960’s in khanlawhna chikhat inei ua, huai chu Zosuante kigawmkhawm ding chihdan ahi tangpi mai hi. Huchidan a paipih nei himahle hang a mihing mahmah inleng daih zoulou leh agam ding leng om mang ngellou ana himaimah a, Mizo Movement hattak lah ana zui khalou ihihna uah, meimit bangin ana mit dildelta hi. Mizo movement nasan in galkai zoulou ahi a, tukhawnungpi a eite ana phurthak thethy mahle bangmah tan ahon tunpih ding lamethuai lawmlawm khollou hi. Chin Hills ah movement chikhat om nilouh mahleh, a mihing tamzaw leh gam lian luah zawte vaihawmna zuilou in atuam in i gamtang nawn zel ua, district nasan neizoulou in tunitan in kitawlem utna lungsim kia nei in alang alang ah ichiak kheukhou thei lel uhi. Tedim Chin, Falam Chin, Halkha Chin, Thantlang Chin, Zoutung/Zouphei Chin, Dai, Moon, Kanpalet, Matupi chi in aki vualsuk zeizui mai ua, lampi khat zui a luidung khat zuikhawm omlou in a omtuam tei leilui zel uhi. En Pawite ichih bangleng Halkha Pawi, Falam Pawi chi in LAIRAM a tangkoupih kheukhou zel ua, Chin Movement bangleng bangtan mah tunglou ding dinmun ahi zel hi.

I hatna pen ua kilang chu lehkhasiam leh gamdang a omkhia tampitakte ziakin internet khawvel ah, thuthei taktak leh vaituam tuam vekkhe theitu itam mahmah mai ua, i hihna tak sang ua sang zawdaih a dinmun nei hileng kilawm in i kilimbawl thei tangpi uhi. Burma Zomi, India Zomi chi in kitauh tuahtuah sek mahleng, huaite a phattuamna ding mawngmawng omlou takzet ahi a, hun mansakna lel leh lungsim gimsak lel asuakta hi. Mi lak a simtham louhte dinmun a ding ihi ua, eite dinmun diktak theilou in, nasatak mai in tulai SOCIAL MEDIA khawvel uah Burma lamte va hutkhiakna nasep sem dingin kuankhe ni, dingkhe ni, chih khawng igen langlang gouh uhi. Eite hihtheih a tawm telmai chih kan gending atam hetkei mawk hi.

Politics a i khanlawh chiangun PANGLONG AGREEMENT bang i paulap gige sek tangpi ua, Burma gam ahong kibawl khiak tunglai a thiltung ahi a, stake holders lianpipi om ahi ua, eite a stake holder a simtham leng kihi zel lou asuak hi. Huaite awl awl in sut leng chidan ihi zaw hi…….

FREEDOM FIGHTERS

United Kingdom nuai a kivaihawmna deihlou a galbawl pawlte Second World War hunin ahong influential mahmah mai ua, Japan gal in Burma gamsung apumtuam laitak in Japante panpih in phaphet louhial uhi. Japan te’n Kumpinu thuneihna lakkhiak a Burma pen Independence piak ding achiam ziak un Left Wing Groups kichi Communist Party of Burma leh Ethnic armed groups tampitak hong piangkhia uhi. Communist Party of Burma te’n British te dou mahle uh a khawnung in galpi bei dek kuanlam in Japante tatsiatna ziakin Japante doukik leuleu uhi. Karen nationalist te’n leng British te panpih in Japanese Imperial Army nasatak mai in dou ua, British te ahong vualzawh tak un Aung San kichi in Ethnic Leaders teng samkhawm in Shan State ah PANGLONG Agreement kichi bawlpih a, huai agreement in a tuppipen ahihleh, Right to Self Determination, Political Representation in Post Independence Burma, Equality amongst the various Ethnic Groups, leh Economic Determination te ahi uhi. Hiai Agreement in Chin, Kachin leh Shan te kiang ah “Option to Separate from Burma after ten years, if the States’ leaders were unhappy with the Central Government” chih tuansak ahi hi.

 

ETHNIC IDENTITY AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS:

Aung San pen thah in ahong om a, huchi in post Independent government in hiai Panglong Agreement kichi pen nawlkhin ua kitheihmawh bawlta uhi. Hiai in majority Barmars te leh Ethnic Minority groups te kikar ah kitheihsiam louhna chituh kiptak mai tuhta a, buaina khukpi ah pilutta hi.

Burma gam kichi, Assam in North East India pumpi a vaihawm khum danin, singtanggam leh Ethnic groups tuamtuam tampitakte omna ahi a, Assam gam ahong kekzak dan a kekzak thei dinmun ahi gige mawk hi. Manipur tawh tehkhin dek leng, Burmars te phaizang ah kikhumkhawm tektuk ahi ua, Ethnic group tuamtuam ten umkimvel khum gaivek ahi uhi.

KAREN MOVEMENT

1948 pek apat Karen ten Independence ana ngenta ua, Karenni leh Karen kichite, tu a Kayin State leh Kayah State a mihing omte kipumkhat a gam khat a dintuam ding ana phut tinten uhi. Mipi vaihawmna paihkhiak ahong hih nungin 1962 apat Tatmadaw vaihawmna General Ne Win nuai ah omta a, Military Junta te gamtatna huhamtak nuai ah hiai helpawlte betdaih sawm mah le uh bengdai zoulou uhi.

Karenni Army pen 1957 vel apat kiphinna pankhetute hi ua, mihing 1500 vel thau tawi om ding a gintak ahi uhi.

Karen National Liberation Army kichite pen 1949 pek apat kipanta ahi ua, Self Determination ngen ahi pen mai uhi. Helpawl hat tak mai ahi ua, mihing thau tawi 12000 vel om ding ua gintak ahi uhi.

KACHIN INDEPENDENCE ARMY

Military Junta vaihawmna nuai a lungkimlou pawlpi khat ahong piangkhia a Kachin State kichi, north Burma ah gam lianpi neite ahong kiphin teita uhi. Hiai pawlpite lungkimlouhna lianpen ahihleh Federal System piak ahihlouh ziak uh ahi tangpi a, awlawl in independence ngen in nasatak mai in supporter pung hulhul mai uhi. China border a om ahihna uah panpihtu ding leng nei ahi ngei ding ua, Leitung a helpawl lak a theihtham a hat in ahong omta uhi. KIA te’n Laiza ah Headquarters nei in 1960 vel apat helna huaise taktak ana maituah khinta ua, independence ngen ahi treng mai uhi. Mihing thau tawi 12000 tan bang om ding ua gintak ahi uhi. China tawh kisumdawn tuahna mun tutphah kha ahihna uah panmun khawh fuh petmah mai ua, gamsung hauhsakna (suangmantam) leh natural resource dangdang aneih ziak un pang hangsan mahmah mai uhi.

CHINESE INFLUENCE

Burma Gamsung buaina khat leuleu ahihleh, 1967 vel apat China te CULTURAL REVOLUTION ideology chituh hattak mai chituh in hong om a, Communist Party te tawh Barmars te nasatak mai in kinuai tuah ekek maidan ahi uhi. Communist Party of Burma te nasatak mai a betdaih himahle uh, Shan State hmar lam Laos leh China gamgi lam ah panpum khawh ua gamnuai a gamtang in leh huailak a ethnic tribe tuamtuamte tawh pangkhawm in Burma sepaihte dou ngitnget uhi. China in phungvuh gige ahihna ah beithei taktak louhial in panla ngitnget zou lai uhi.

SHAN STATE ARMY: Burma gamsung a state lian mahmah Shan State pen buaihuiapi khat suak den maimah a, 1958 vel apat Shan Armed Resistance movement hong kipan a, Shan State Army kichi mihing 8000 ding khawngte Burma gam a dingin buaihuaipi khat hong suak uhi.

KOKANG INSURGENCY: Yunan Province, china leh Burma gamgi zul a ethnic group omte lak ah insurgency nasatak mai piangkhia a Kokang Self-Administered Region kichihna mun ahi hi. Kokang te pen China gam kankuah a omte mah leng ahihna uah, China te’n huhna pia ahi mai ding ua, mihing galvan tawi 4000 vel om ding a gintak ahi uhi. Separatist movement khat ahi a, Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army leng kichi uhi.

TA’ANG NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY: Hiaite ahih uleh Burma-Thailand border mite mah hi ua Shan State sung a Palaung region a gamtangte ahi uhi. Drug trade leh DRUG bawlkhiakna ah nasatak a kigolh hi ua gen himahle uh, tunichiang in poppy cultivation leh drug trade himhim doutu dan in panla ua, international pressure nasatak mai ziak leng ahi ngei ding. Tulaitak in Ta’ang National Liberation Army ah mihing 6000 vel om ding ua gintak ahi uhi.

WA NATIONAL ARMY: Hiaite ahih uleh Thailand Border lak mah, Shan State sung a gamtang ahi ua, Chinese origin hideuhse uhi. A heutute uleng Chinese ahihna uah, China te huhna nasatak mai mu gige uhi. 1974 vel apat helna panta himah le uh 1989 lak vel in nasatak mai in hong khang hulhul mai ua KHUN SA bang hiaimun WA Self Administered Division a gamtang sek ana hi hi. Communist Party of Burma te remnant chikhat ahi ua, nidanglai in Kuomintang pawl tawh bang leng kizopna nei hiding ua gen ahi uhi. Tuchiang in China te ziakin Burma sorkar a dingin buaihuaipi khat suak ua, Tatmadaw te’n leng thuneih khum zou nawnlou ahita uhi. Galvan thupi taktak nei a gamtang ahi ua, khenkhat te’n Burma Army te sangin galvan nei hoih zaw phial dingin gen uhi. Mihing 25,000 ngut hiai Army ah tel hiding ua gintak ahi uhi.

UWSA chi a theih ahi ua, Kokang te danin Golden Triangle drug bawlna munpi ahi a, poppy hah chiin a chingte ahi uhi. A vanglai un drug bawlna a gamsung uah om teltul maidan ahi chi ua, China gamsung bang ah heroin addiction ahong tam lut sim manin, leh international pressure nasatak mai ziakin Narcotics bawlna lam khawlsan ua a doutu dan in kilimbawl siam mahmah mai uhi.

Narco-Terrorism kichi hiaimun khawng apat hong kipan ahi deuh mai ua, Kokang, Ta’ang, WA kichite khawng Narcotics a sumdawnna ziak a thupitak dan a om theite ahi uhi. Awlawl in 2005 vel apat Poppy lam khawlsan mahle uh, khamtheih chikhat Methamphetamine (Meth), Yaba achi mai ua Narcotics ichi hia, psychotropic substance ahi pen mai ding a, nasatak mai in bawlkhe leuleu ua, hiai party drug bawlkhetu leh supply tu lianpen asuak uhi. Khovel pumpi a heroin supply pen Golden Triangle apat 70% bang hisek pen 2014 vel in 15% khang in kesuk top mai a (Pakistan leh Afghanistan ten luahlan ta uhi), hitamah leh, damdawi khamtheih chituam bawlkhe leuleu zel ua, sum nak kang ngeilou neithei den mawk uhi.

Hiai Golden Triangle gu hoihlou tak mai, ei Zosuante tung ah leng hong tukha a, 1980’s apat tunitan khamtheih gu in ahon zen nilouh lai a, bei malak ah eigamsung nasan ah kiching teita hi. Huai in mihingte a dingin siatna namenlou ahon tut bakah, thauvui-thautang leina ding a zang pawl ahong om ua, Meitei helpawl khenkhatte bang, hiai drugs trade a sumdawng om ngei thamtham uhi.

Tuni in eite lak ah ahon buluh lel lel a, poppy chiin leh opium processing bawldan tanpha itheita ua, NARCO-TERRORISM kichi i maban ding uh ahi mai hi. Kisiamtan mahmah lanlan laite ihi zawmah lai ua, a lungkhamhuai mahmah mai.

MON NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY : Hiaite Mon State a helpawl ahi ua, 1949 pek apat helna bawl leh min tuamtuam nei a kitatsat louhial a panlate ahi uhi. Separatist hi ua, 1958 vel apat alangtang in operation ana pan khinta uhi. Mihing 800 vel ding khawng thau tawi om ding ua gintak ahi uhi.

ARAKAN ARMY : Rakhine State sung a helpawl hattak mai hiai Arakan Army te bel 2009 vel apat patkhiak hi a, hiai pawl ah mihing 10000 lam tel ding ua gintak ahi a, Chin State sung nasan ah gamtang uhi. Arakanese te tenna mun Chin State South West ah munpi khuak ua, Bangladesh bang ah leng munpi nei uhi. AA te melma lianpen khat ahihleh Rohingya te ahi ua, Arakan South lam ah hiai Rohingya te a tam luat ziak un patau dak khen leng ahi uhi. Burma/Myanmar Army tawh tumalam zek in kibei nasa mahmah mai ua, minautangte athuaktu in pangkha ua, Chin State nasan ah buaina nasatak mai tung khinta hi.

ARAKAN ROHINGYA SALVATION ARMY : Harakah Al-Haqin kichi, tu a Arakan Salvation Army chia itheih tangpi uh helpawl khat Rohingya te bawlkhiak ahi a, Arakanese te gelgawtna thuak zoulou a panlatute ahi uhi. Arakan State a gamtang ahi ua, 2016 vel a ditkhiak hi in, mihing 600 vel galvan tawi om ding ua gintak ahi hi. Tunai zek in AA te tawh kinawk kha zekzek mahle uh, Myanmar Army te akhoih khak ziakun nasatak a nuai ek hi ua, Rohingya te sim leh hmar ah kidenna daih mai uhi.

CHIN NATIONAL ARMY : Hiai pen 1988 kum a bawlkhiak ahi a, Chin State sung a gamtang ahi ua, Thantlang ah Headquarters nei in mihing 500 vel ding thau tawi nei ding ua gintak ahi uhi. Independence deih hilou in Federalism deih ahi uh kichi hi. Chin Hills simtawp lam Mount Victoria bang ah Ceasefire Camp nei daih mai uhi.

TULAI DINMUN:

2015 apat NLD government ahong dinkhiak nungin Myanmar a Helpawl tamzawte tawh Tatmadaw te’n thukhun bawl in CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT chituam tuam nei in helnate leh kidounate nasatak mai in kiam hulhul mai a, Myanmar mipite’n Democracy kum 5 sung chiamta ua, gintaksang daih in kivaihawm dan paifuh ichi di hia, hong changkang hulhul mai uhi. Nidang a lampi om ngeilouhnate nasan ah lampi hoih taktak bawlkhiak hong hi zungzung mai a, Electric meivak, Tuinek supply, nektak zonna lamte ah muhtheih in masawnna hong piangkhia hi. Falam gei a lenna phual SUR Airport ahong kihonna leng sawtnailou hial ahi a, maban neitak in gam changkang ahong hih ding kar uh bildoh takin ana kigal et vengveng mai di.

Lametna liantak ineih laitak uh ahi a, 2020 kumtawplam a election husa nasatak mai ahong om lai in, eimite bang kideihkhop louhna nasatak piangkhia in gal apat ina kina kongkong hial mah uhi. Politics ahi a, NLD support bang, USDP support bang, ZCD support bang a om ding mah ahi a, vote zon lai inbel a husa nasa lua ahih ziakin, nasa taktak a kidemna aom ding mah leng ahi hi.

I gentaksa mah bangin, gintaklouh lam daih ah hiai mipite deihtelna pen nawlkhin in Military Junta mah Tatmadaw te’n ahon pankhe zel ua, asungthu thei khenkhatte gendan in Tedim tang lam ah eimite bangin Militaryte vaihawmna leng poisa lou leh deih zaw tampitak om hiding dan in gen uhi.

Gamdang a om tampi kiomta ahihna ah thuthak leh lathak kithei tou zungzung den a, mipite thuakgimna leh hehpihna bei a Myanmar Army te gamtatna theihsiam haksa a kithuak siam theilou hial hi. Mawhpaihna bek isuah ding uh hilou maw? A kuan khe pawl om ding hilou maw? Bang ahia huaite’n, hiai te’n ahih uh??? chi in I kikou kangkang maimah uhi. Bang ahia eite hihtheih chih bel thei ke’ng, galtaite government tawh pangkhawm in huh theih leh panpih theihna aomleh pan luat dingdan chu ahi him hi. Mizorma sorkar panlakna thupi kasa a nungthuap theithei in nungthuap ding mah hi inleng mu ing.

Hitamahleh, eite mi lak a sim tham ching loute’n, bang hihtheih luat inei ding ua eita? Eisung bang a ana kimaikawk ut mawk pawl om hileng kilawm!!

Myanmar gamsung a helpawl om teng igente lak au muh phak ding neilou penpente bang ana buai tei lingling sam!

Dr. SaSa thugente khawng imuh chiangin lungkhoih thei mahmah mai a, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LEH FEDERAL ARMY dinkhia uh ahi chih bang ahong gin gin chiangin, Myanmar a helpawl huaizah zouzaite tawh Myanmar Army te hong kibalsialnuai tou nilouh ding uh abangta mai a, mipite mah athuaktu ahong hizel ding uhi.

Military Junta te’n leng pankha ta laklawh ahih chiang un, kizukkik pen haksa mahmah ding suak a, mipi sousangte lah nungtolh mawk lou ding hile uh a kilawm a, kha 2 val ngut paita hunin kibeihna nasa mahmah mai hi.

Honourable Exit chikhat ahon neithei uhia chih bildawh tak in kingak khiukheu mai ahi a, Helpawlte kia hilou, a mipite mahmah thangpai lawtelta ahihna ua,.....

... THAUVUI-THAUTANG IN VAIHAWM NILOUH DING SUAKTA HI.

UNION OF MYANMAR AHONG KEKZAK THEIHNA DING DINMUN LENG AHI KEI DING KUAN ACHI THEI A?.

CANCER MEIMA DAM THEILOU NEI AHITA A, BURMA GAM PEN JUNTA TE POWER NUAI AH HUAISETAK IN OMTOU NILOUH NAWN ZEL DING HILEH KILAWM A, MIPITE LAINATHUAI MAHMAH UH SUAK HI. TUALGAL HONG NASA MAHMAH DINGDAN AHI (CIVIL WAR).

EITE LILIAI…KOILAM BEL IN….KOILAM INGATA DING UA LE….

HIAI PART II BULTUNG A KA GENTE ENKIK SIN MAH DILE !!