ETHNICITY AND TRIBAL IDENTITY
By Vungzamuan Valte
CENTRAL INDIA A TRIBE TE:
India gamsung ah Nam tuamtuam leh gam-leitang neituam a khawsa mualtung mi kichi tampitak om ua huaite bel Chhatisgarh gammang lak, Madhya Pradesh tribal belt, Chhotanagpur region/Jharkhand leh Orissa state khawng ah om deuh tangpi ua vaite tawh tawndan, biakdan leh ngeina kibanglou mualtungmite Tribals ahi mai uhi. Santhals, Gonds, Andamenese, Bhils, Mundas chihte khawng ahi ua, amau bel mundang apat hong kipan hilou a a leitang apat piangkhia leh khangkhia a tangtawn a leitung ahong piantung apat khawsa a om kichi ua, neitu hihna kiptak nei in a leitang tawh identity neikhawm ua, indigenous kichi uhi. Hiai ethnic identity kiptak in gam leitang neitu hihna leh inntek hihna kiptak pia a kuamah in mikhual bawl theilou ua, agam leh leitang uh humbit in government in nasatak in a bitna ding uleh a identity uh kepbitna ding leh a khankhiak theihna ding un panla ngitnget hi.
Amau hiai Tribal ten ah gamdang ngaihna leh gamdangmi hihna dan lungsim neilou ua, neitu hihna, inntek hihna tawh NATIONAL/NATION kichite ah buailou ua,Nation pen India hi a, a Nationality uh India hi a, gamdang lunglengpih zenzen louhial uhi. Ethnic identity in a citizenship uleh a nationality uh buaisak zenzen lou a, mun khenkhatte ah Maoist te influence ziakin government kivaipuakdan deihlou in kiphin mahle uh, gamdang ngen a kiphin hiam, independence ngen a buaina bawl ahi kei uhi.
EILAMTE DINMUN:
North East India a Singtangmite bel transborder nam ihi tangpi mai ua ethnicity leng buaihuaipi asuak hi. Arunachal state a nam tamtakte China tawh India ah kithehthang ua, Nagaland a Nam tuamtuamte Burma tawh India ah kithehthang nengnung ua, Mizoram leh Manipur a singtangmite leng huchimah bangin I kithehthang nengnung uhi. Huchia gam tutphah mumaltak neilou a omte bel alang lang sawktuah leh kawmtuah zualzual a khawsate ihi uhi. Chakmate leh Bru/Tuikukte ngialhouh, sahawl a mite hawl kualkual in aom ua, alang lang ah kithehthang nengnung in mun-leh-mual tumta neithei lou phialphial in aom uhi. Burma a Rohingyate bang maktaduai tampi hile uleng, a vialvak vak nalam uah bangmahlou kisuah kha uhi.
Identity tawh leitang a kitonkhawm louh chiangin son of the soil ichihdan theory pen a practical in kip theilou a, i allegiance leng hong buaihuai a, pemlungsim ahon neisak a, mite mitmuh in mikhual kisuahna leh hihna tumta neihlouhna suakthei hi. Assamesete bang ahihna uah lungkim lua uh isak leh awlawl in ahong khanglou ua, language issue, gam leitang issue leh gamdangmi issue te ah abuai in ahong buai ua, 1970’s apat tunitan in a buaina un kiamlam manoh tuan lou in ASSAMESE te kuate ahi ua? Chih a definition ding zongzong laitel uhi. Clause 6 of the Assam Accord dungzui in Assamese te protect dingdan lampi sial ua, hamhaih mahmah lel uhi. Indigeneous a kichih ding chiang un khenkhat ten a history uh sutsak sak ua China apat hong lut ahihdan khawng uh a genkhiak chiang un sa-ik mahmah mai uhi.
Homogeneous society hilou a Heterogeneous society ahihna uah Assamese definition ding inclusive mahmah ngai zel thepthup a tunitan in define mumal theilou lai uhi.
Nagate bang ensin leng, Burma gam ah tampitak teng ahihna uah huailam lunglenpih om ua, kigawm ding simthu lel den ua, abuaina uh kum 60 phial paita mahleh 1940’s a alungguhnate uh tunitan in tangtung nailou hi. Tuadan mah bangin Mizote bang ensin leng, gam 3 a Zosuante gawmkhawm ding a kisa ahi ua, state khat aneih lawh ua, a kipahhuai lua ahi mai hi. Mizo definition bawl dek leng buaihuaipi ahi nawn leuleu a, language khat zattangzang aneih ziakun sakhat leh namkhat danin kilang thei ua kizen mahmah mai hi.
BANG NATION:
NATION kichi bang i mimasate un ana hahzat mahmah mai ua, Mizo bang Nation ana chi ua, Naga bang nation ana chi ua, Paite bang tribe neuchik khawng Nation ana sa kha laizang uhi. 1940’s apat i mimasate un amau muhphak tan a thupi kisa mahmah chiat in akua akua ten NATION/NATIONAL ahon chithruaih mai ua roupi thei khepkhep khopmai. NAGA NATIONAL COUNCIL kichi bang, MIZO NATIONAL FRONT kichi bang, American Scholar khat R.A. Schermerhon in diklou pumlum ahi chi a, Nation kichi, Nationalism kichi leh Nationality kichite NATION STATE tawh kisai ahi a Independent Nation hiloute nation ahi thei kei chi hi. Khankhat ten bel Cultural Nationalism aom ding a, Religious Nationalism aom ding a, Ethnonationalism aom ding chi uhi.
Huchidan a nationalism i laktouhdan uh i et chiangin ethnic groups te a dingin kipumpuak theihna dan ahi mai a, KUKI Nation ichih bang, Zogam/Zomi chih khawng i piangkhesak lemlum thei uhi. A phattamna ding bel om taktak khollou, himahleh, agenda zuakna ding a hoihtak khat ahi a, Meiteite kichituhna dan bang ensin leng, 1960’s apat SOVEREIGNTY mah buaipih ahihna uah NATIONALITY mah buaipih ahi mai ua, hiaite khawng mah enton a huchi pai doidoi leng kihika mohlou hial ding hi.
NOMENCLATURE khat peuhpeuh i bawlkhiak chiang un nasatak mai a zuak ngai a, thagum thatang a kibeih leng angai a, tulai dinmun in thauvui thautang banah propaganda machine hattak leng neih angai hi. KUKI nomenclature ahong hat mahmah lai in nam neu deuhte apuk luilui ua hat mahmah fufu uhi. Naga Nomenclature ahong hat nawn leuleu a 1980’s nungin Manipur gam sunga Zosuante tribe neuchikchik tampitak a tomkhawm ua NAGA suaksak nawn leuleu uhi. Mizote ana khanglou baih deuh uh bang mahleh eilawi honzui ahi pen mai ua CHIN a khanlawhna ineih uh deihlou in MIZO identity ahon vawk ua ahong vualtungtuangta uh ahi mai hi.
Mizo Union pen 1946 a Young Lushai Association kici apat ahon khenkhiak nungun a lamzang purpur khop mai ua, Mizo National Front in a meikuang ahon hlap kuang nawnsawn a, tua dinmun ahong tung kha uhi. Hiaipen National Identity dandeuh a azat ziak ua EMOTIVE tak a paipih thei ahi ua, NATIONALITY hizenzen kei mahleh propaganda/agenda zuakna dingin ahoih petmah mai hi.
Huai hunlai in Mizo Nation theory paipih in hattak in Mizo Nationalism mutpuak ua a langpang ding omlou phial in koih zou uhi. Unau Kukite nangawn in zui uh hileh kilawm a tunung in MNF sepaihte lak ah min tampi takkhiak ding nei uhi. Pawite ichih mai bangleng ana tuitum uh ahi ding a Pu Laldenga ngei leng Pawi ahihdan kithei thei hi. Himahleh, Chin Hills a Pawite LAI kichi ua Laimi/Lairam mah buaipih in ana kuizen thei thou veve uhi. Tuchiang in India lam a Pawite ichihten leng LAI kahi uh Mizo ka hikei uh chinawn leuleu thethup zel uhi. LAI nomenclature leng pau tampi kigawm a laimi chih paipih ahi ua awm tei ve thou veve hi.
Huchi in Zosuante lakah identity zongin hun tuamtuam ah nomenclature dingin Kuki bang, Chin bang, Mizo bang, Khulmi, Zomi chih khawng ana om toutou a, hun tuamtuam ah CHIKIM chih peuh a promote tu khawng i om uhi. Huchih nalam ah i lampi tawt uh anuam vek gige kei hial a, kimuhsiamlouhna hunte ah huaise thei mahmah leilui sek hi. Hun hoihlou tampi ituah khakte uh mangngilh theih leng hilou, lah nam in ituah khak ding ua deihhuai hetlou khawng ituakkha leilui ua poithei mahmah mai hi.
Ahihleh, Zomi Identity pen huchia zuak theih ding ahi diam? Chih ngaihtuah sin le buaihuaipi suakta hi. Kuki Nomenclature omsa ahi a, ami leh sate lah kibang, amin a buai kihilim maimah hi. Any Kuki Tribe penin bangteng huapkha ahia chih gensin leng thudik kithei bunlou hial ding hi. I lakdan leh gendan uh tuam chiat dingin gintakhuai hi. Zosuante ichih chiangin Kukite leng huamkha a, Kukite ichih chiangin Zosuante leng huamkha a, Mizote ichih chiangin Zomite leh Kukite leng huamkha zel thepthup hi. Hitamahleh, Kuki kulmut ten Mizote leng kuki ah telsak zel thepthup ding uhi. Huchia om lemlum ihi ua, i ethnicity uleng abuai a, i identity uleng abuai a, Paite, Gangte, Simte, Zoute, Vaipheite, Matete, Baitete, Thadoute, Hmarte, Komte, Thangkhalte etc etc in iki khennen nengnung ua, a hatlam lam bohthei dingin fencing ah itu ferfur mai uhi.
Huchikawmkar ah, beh min bang Tribe list ah atel thepthup ua SUKTE, GUITE chih khawng tunitan a Tribe list apat lakkhiak ahi naikei lai a, lakkhiak sawm leng omlou kihi maimah ding ahi hi. Hichidan a HISTORICAL WRONGS/BLUNDERS te khawng kembit a apoimoh khak zenzen leh, chia thangkam a omsak kenkun maimahte ihihna uah, kithutuah leh kithutuak tak a politics toh kisai a kalsuan khawm chu haksa ding mah hitah e !
Huchia i TRIBAL IDENTITY chiat uh liansak zaw ihihna uah, NOMENCLATURE pen NATION chi in NATIONAL chi kunkun leng le thupi kuai lawtuan khollou ding suakta hi. Gam khat leh khat kantan a ethnic identity ineih pen ei Border mite a dingin i tanvou leh birthright uh ahi a, Kukite Burma a om aom ding ua, Zosuante leng aom ding ua, neuchik a gen in BEH kibang leng alang lang ah ki-om khading hi. Hun hongpai zelte ah identity crises kichi, identity conflict tuamtuam kituaktou tou a, kituak tou den lai ding abang hi.
GUNGAL LAM AH:
Union of Myanmar ah CHIN kichi pen State neitute chihna ahi ua, kuamah Chin tuam omlou in a state sunga tengte tengteng CHIN ahi mai uhi. Chin State ah ETHNIC PEOPLE dan a record ah population Code, 2014 Census danin Chin 401, Meitei 402, Khuangsai 409, Ngawn 414, Sizang 415, Saizang 427, Zo 421, Tedim 424, Teizang 425, Thado 427, Dim 428, Lushai 440, Hualngo 447,Lai 440 etc etc in kichiamteh ua, hiaite kha ethnicity ahi hi.
Nomenclature dan a Mizo hiam, KUKI hiam, Zomi hiam om sese lou in a TRIBE min chiat in a ethnicity uh recognized ahi hi. Huaiziak mah leng ahi ding a, Unau Myanmar lam a omte ahong kinak chiang un Code 914 pen OTHERS ahihna ah kipawsehna hong bangsim maimah ahihna leng om thamtham suak hi. I ethnicity mansuah leng buaihuaipi hong suak thei ahihna ah NOMENCLATURE pen NATIONAL HI IN NATIONALITY danin koih leulau mahleng a zatna bel OFFICIAL a tamhetlou ding mah hitah e, chih ahi hi.
A POIMOH LUATNA:
Hiai ethinc identity leh ethnicity banghang a hong poimoh semsem ahia chih ensin leng, abultung a igensa mah bangin, Assamese te bang hong patau mawk uh, Nagate bangin bangbang hiam hihden uh, Meiteite bangin Meitei Identity tawh Manipur Leitang mekmat a agam pumpi pen amau a neitu hihna langsak ut semsem uh. Huchia identity tawh leitang ahong poimoh semsem lai a NOMENCLATURE danbupi a gelh lut nailouhpi buaipih lua a i ethnicity i mansuah khat ding lauhuaipi khat ahi hi. Unau Thadoute buaina kha ahihleh, Kuki nomenclature pen khawvel in thei a dan inleng pompih, hitamahleh, ANY KUKI TRIBE kichi define hilou mawk a, huai in Kuki pen tribe himawk lou ahihna ah buaisak lou theilou hi. A definition bawldik ahih kei mawk leh, who are those any Kuki Tribe’s chih hong hiding a, Thadou, Khawngsai chihdan a CHIN HILLS te census pen hong dikzaw ding bang maimah hi. Mizo ichih bangleng a ANY MIZO TRIBES achihna uah LUSHAI kichite chauh define kha/include kha ahihna ah PAITE recognition kingen a kimu mah leng ahi hi.
CONCLUSION:
I kim leh kiang ua nam lianzawte bang ahong patuah luat chiang un pataudak khet louh theihlouh ahi a, meiteite bangin indigeneous identity ahon buaipih luat chiangun, Manipur People definition khawng buaipih a ahong kipei pei chiangun, paihtheih ding leh paihkhiak ding zongzong pawl om ahi ua, political issue khawng ibawl chiangun i pilvan mahmah ding uh ahi hi. ILP piak ahih nawngal uleh Hills leh Valley kigawm khawm hak nawn khollou dingin muhtheih simta hi. Zanlam in CM pa fb post ahong viral mahmah mai a, aman chu kuahiam in hack sak ahi achi a, thuguk kiselgu leh lungsim guk a STONE AGE kisakna leh kikoihna nasa mahmah ahi chih a kilang a, refugee kichihna khawng ahong om touhtouh chiangin, i root uh kha i ethnicity uh ahi a, i identity uh i leitang luah uh ahi a, huai leitang kepbit leng i mawhpuak uh ahi hi. Kuate hiam a kineitu sak luat ding uleh, kineitu sak lua a aom ding uleng ahi tuan kei a, mipite kha gamleitang neitu hihna leh inntek hihna mipiten ikichituh kei mawk uleh, ka gam, ka lei, ka khua, ka tui, ka identity, ka ethnicity, ka ethnocity etc etc chichi leng le, huaiten gen neilou khong khading ahi hi.
I history uleh historical narrative uleng khek zekzek hoih dingin ka gingta, i leitang luah uapat piangkhia a khangkhia mah ihihna uah, foreign lam va sawk punpun khollou in pansan kichian tak neih kulta ahi hi.