I PIANPIH PAU MAH PIBAWL CHIATNI
by Ginkhenpau Valte
"Zolai, zopau thei lou in,
Kawlpau, vaipau ka siam zong;
Kawlmi, vaimi hi tuanlou,
Zomi ka hi."
–Lengtong Paunou
Nidang in leng i pau leh hamte ana ngaina in, i pibawl a i zat gige keileh mangthang thei ahi chih ana theisam mahleng poimoh ka sakna thu hichibang a gelhkhiat ding ka na tum ngeikei hi. Himahleh, February 21, 2017 a Manipur Press Club, Majorkhul, Imphal a International Mother Language Day zatna a ka va telkhak apan in gelhkhiat ding utna lungsim ka nei hi. Kum paisate ah leng hichibang hunzatna khenkhat ah thu-le-la kaikhawm ding in ka va telkhasam a himahleh a hunzatdante uh gelhkhiat tanlel ah ka hunsak khasek hi. Himahleh tutung in bel poimoh ka sakna tungtang tamlou ka hon gelhkhia hi.
Tuni chiang in eimite kikhangtou mahmahta a, insung hi in kholak ah hitaleh houlimna leh thugenna khatpeuh ah saapte pau hiam vaite pau hiam ahihkeileh Meitei pau heltel kithangsak mahmah mai hi. Hiai pen khantouhna khat ahih lailai in i pianpih pau a ding a kiakniamna khat ana hi ahi chih theih ding in hoih ka sa hi. Hiai ka chih chiang in mi dangte paute pen ngaihsak keini in sin keini chi ka hi kei. Meiteipau, sappau leh vaipau hiam ahihkeileh pau dangdangte kisin in kizilsiam vekni; theih vek a siam vek a hoih hi. Himahleh eimite lak a om hi gegu napi a sappau va zat teitei hiam ahihkeileh vaigam a eipau thei loute lak a om hi hetlou napi a, changkanna dan hiam khawng a ngai hileh kilawm bang zen a, vaipau zang leh heltel sese chihte thansak louh hoih mahmah hi. Pau kibang zang hi nazenpi namdangte lak a om chiang a eipau a kihou lou khawng a om mawk khak ding bang thil lauhuaipi ahi.
Pau leh ham kichi pen a kizang mun leh a zangtu tam penpente aa kithang hilel mai hi. Himahleh huai pau mah tuh, a mite omsam mahleh a zat kei uleh, pau si hong suak thei mawk hi. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) in khovel a pau tuamtuam omte toh kisai a dinmun uh a lauhuaidan chiamtehna hiai anuai a bang in khennen uhi.
1. Vulnerable- Hichibang dinmunte ah naupang tamzawte'n amau pianpih pau uh mah zang ua, himahleh mun teng ah zang lou in insung hiam tanlel khawng ah zang uhi.
2. Definitely Endangered- Hiaibang dinmun ah naupangte'n insung ngial ah leng amau pianpih pau zang nawn lou uhi.
3. Severely Endangered- Hichibang dinmunte ah pute leh upate khang tanlel in a pianpih pau uh thei in pauthei lel uhi. Nu leh pate'n leng a pianpih pau uh theisam lai mahle uh a tate uh kiang ah zang lou ua, amau nupa kal ah leng zang nawn ngellou uhi.
4. Critically Endangered- Hichibang dinmun ah a pianpih uh pau thei leh zang omsun tuh a pute uh leh a upa lamte chauh ahita ua, amaute ngial in leng a pianpih pau uh tamtak mangngilhta in zat leng zang mun nawn ngellou zawmah uhi.
5. Extinct- Hiai dinmun tan ah bel a pianpih pau uh zang leh pau thei kuamah om nawn lou hi.
Hiai atung a chi ngate tung ah Safe chih leh Stable yet Threatened chih om thei hi. Safe a kichih chiang in a pianpih pau uh a naupangpen apan a upapen tan in zanglai uh chihna hi a, khang khat apan khangsawn hong pailai dingte ah a pianpih pau uh kihilhsawntou uh chihna ahi. Stable yet Threatened a kichih nawn chiang in a pianpih pau uh a naupangpen apan a upapen tan in a pau uh zanglai mahle uh pau dang tuamtuam toh zangkopta uh chihna ahi hi.
UNESCO in a chiamtehdan in, tutan in India gamsung pumpi a pau leh ham tuamtuam tampi omte lak ah pau 191 vel in manthatlam manoh in a dinmun uh dengdeltak in om hi. Huaite lak ah Zosuante sung a pau om Hmar pau, Mizo pau, Paite pau leh Thadou pau chihte Vulnerable chih in om a, Gangte pau pen Definitely Endangered kichi hi. (Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris:UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
Times of India (August 11, 2013) ah Bhasha Research and Publication Centre in India a pau leh ham omte a suina uah 1960s lai a pau 1,100 omte lak ah tuni chiang in amangthang Extinct pau 220 omta chih kigelh hi. Hiai thu toh kisai chih theih ding The Telegraph (Sunday, August 29, 2010) ah ana kigelh ngeita a, huai ah India a pau leh ham dinmun dengdel huai hun tan a 191 om ahihdan leh amangthang 5 omta ahi chih tungtang India phualpi sorkal in etchet ding hoih a sak thu kigelh a, a enkaitu ding leng sehfel hita ahihdan leng gelh in om hi. Huai thugelh mah ah, UNESCO in World Atlas of Endangered Languages a pau leh ham dinmun dengdel 64 a chiamtehte lak ah pau 39 teng North East India apan hi a huaite tunitan a akizanglai pau ahi chih leng kigelh hi. Ahi a, pau chi khat azangtu milip atawmpen a 10,000 tan beek a om keileh bel dinmun dengdel a om hidan a chiamteh uh hidan in kigen hi.
Meitei pau bang leng Vulnerable lak ah telsak in om hi. Meiteite pen Manipur leh khovel mun tuamtuam a anuai-a-sim om ua bangchidan a a pau uh dinmun dengdel a om thei mawk ding hiam chihsim in om hi. Amaute'n leng ngaikhawk uh ahi ngei ding ua, hiai tungtang etchetna leh suina nasatak a neih nung un amau pau dinmun huchitel a dengdel samlou ahi chih musuah ua, himahleh panlakna ding bel tampi omlai chih mukhia uhi. (Dr. Soibam Rebika Devi, Ph.D. (Linguistics). Is Manipur an Endangered Language? Language in India. www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 13:14 May 2013). February 21, 2017 a International Mother Language Day zatna hun a thugentu khat in Myanmar leh mun tuamtuam a om Meitei inkuante a va kansuina ah tamtak in a pau uh thei nawn lou uh ahih thu bel gen a, panlak tuak a sak thu leng genlang hi.
Denlam a hiai atung a Times of India a thu kigelh i simsukleh kum 2010 a UNESCO in amangthang thei dinmun adengdeltak a om pau tuamtuam a kaihkhawm thute pen "uangdeuh leng ahi kha maithei, hitaleh leng hiai paute a hong beisiang a a omna gam in tawndan hausatak ana neihte a mansuah louhna ding khualna toh amaute hilhkhawlna pen limsak poimoh ahi" chi a Dilip Kumar Klita, Director, Anundoram Borooah Institute of Language, Art and Culture (ABILAC) in a thugen leng om hi. Gen dik mahmah hi. Eite'n leng i pau leh hamte mangthang pah ding chihdan hi hialkei mahleh manthatna lampi tawn a a pai khak ding vensiam kisam hi.
Pau leh hamte pen mangthang chimah lengle a tanchin uh kepbit theih thamtham hi. Himahleh a pau zangtu ding mihing a thei a om nawn louh chiang in, mangthang petmah khat suak veve hi. Ahihkeileh, i pau leh i hamte pen midangte pau toh gawmkhawm naklua in eipau ahihna mansuahle huai leng pianpih pau mansuahna chih theih ding hi. Khovel ah, gintathuai lou khop in, pau leh ham mangthang leh zak hi nawnlou tampitak omta mawk hi. Nidang in amaute'n a paute uh ana mangthang ding in koih ding un gintathuai lou a, patauhna leng nei ding un gintathuai lou hi. Himahleh a dinmun uh tuh hichi ahi maimah hi. Huchibangmah in, ei pau leng, awlawl a mangthang hiaihiai a hong beisiang thei mawk veve ahi chih hon ngaihtuahsak hi.
"Kholai ah eipau zang a tam lawlai vele. Kol leh vaite'n leng eipau a zangve uale," chi in na lungmuang ahikha maithei. Tutadih in zaw tamsam khalai mah inteh, hilehleng khang hong paitou zel dingte khual ngai hi. Den a kigen kholai a eipau zangte'n inn tungle uh amau pianpih pau chiat zang nawn ding ua, eipau pen amau insung ah zang lou ding uhi. Nangmah insung a na tate toh na pianpih pau na zat kei a, sappau hiam ahihkeileh vaipau hiam, pau dang khatpeuh na zatzom zel uleh bel na pianpih pau pen dinmun dengdelsaktu hikha nilouh ding na hi. Nang khang tan lel en kei inla, nang apan khangsawn pailai dingte en kawm in na pianpih pau pibawl zaw in. Tuchiang tan in leng, pau diktak a pau thei lou a pau hawihawi tuailai tamtak omta uhi.
Naupang khat in a nu kiang a "mummy, ka laibu leina ding rupees seventy hon pia ou, please," a chih chiang in eipau tawm tel mahmah hi. Hichibang a insung a pau helpolh a a kizat touh zelleh huai insung ah tuh eipau diktak a nambat simdan leh kisapdante awl in a tate'n hon mangngilh hiaihiai ding hi. A pate khang hong bei a, a tate khang hong kipat chiang in a pianpih uh pau leh ham tamtak a theih nawn louh uh omta ding a, amau tate khang tan ah kisapdan hoihtaktak omte leh nambat simdan tamzawte thei lou in mansuahta ding uh chih muhkhawl theih in om hi.
"Tuzingkal a walking ka pai uleh lampi a horse khat mu ung a, ka deihdan" chi a naupang in a gen chiang in amah pianpih pau tawm tel mahmah nawn hi. Ta leh naute'n sappau hiam vaipau hiam a hon zat theih chiang un kipahpihhuai bang mahleh alehlam ah a pianpih pau uh nelhsiah kha ana hi daihmai zel uhi. Pu Dr. K.P. Guite in, "Bangchi teng in laisiam kisa lechin leng na pianpih pau na theih keileh a pil hi thei lou na hi," chih a genlamtak ka thei den hi.
Hun khenkhat leh mun khenkhat ah midangte pau va koppih a ngaih hun bang om zelsam mahleh pau dangte toh kop sese lou in leng eipau ana kim mahmah thou hi. Huaiban ah i pau leh hamte uh toh i tawndan uh kizui tampi om hi. Mipil leh siamte'n pau leh tawndan pen kikhentheilou ahi chi bilbel uhi. Etsakna ding in, mi khat in a tapa kiang ah, "Mihai pa," chih toh nuih heuhau thuah in en hi. A tapa leng nuisim veivuai a himahleh hehna ding in la khollou hi. Namdangte lak ah huchi in i tapa va chi mawkle maksa mahmah kha maithei uhi. Himahleh, eilak ah bel hichibang deuh kampau khenkhatte i pahtatman khawng a kizang ana hi daih thei hi. Etsakna dang khenkhat tuh "Na hihthei peuhset di'a hia, nemnom the," "Ka lawinu kha vokpi sangsia hong bang aka tulai," "Ka pa un maineusa kia nethei veh e," "Vokpi an bak mah na bang loklok zezen a," chih leh adangdang om ding hi.
Ahihkeileh, mi khat in, "U, an ka duh," a chih chiang in amah sang a upazaw kiang a ngen ahi chih kilang a, kampau kilawm zat ding tawndan hoihtak nei i hihdan kilang hi. Sapte bang "u" chihdan in kisam khollou ua, a min peuh un kisam kalkal lelmai uhi. Mou khakkhiatsa in a nawlamte kiang ah, "Ka paita ding," chi a, huai in amah pen midang inn a omkhiatna neita ahi chih chian hi. Himahleh tanu khat in a sungkuante kiang ah "Ka paita ding" chih kampau zang lou in, "Ka va pawt ding," chizaw a huai tuh hong kik nawn ding ahi chihna leng ahi pah hi. Ahihkeileh, mi khat in "ka sunghte ka va veh ding" a chih chiang in amah pen zi neisa ahihdan leh a zi' nu leh pate hiam ahihkeileh a zi' aa lamte va veh dek chihna hi a, omden di'a kuan hi lou in hong kik nawn ding chihna leng ahi pah hi. "Ka nuneu tanu ahi" chih in a nu sanggamnu naupangzaw pen tanu chihna hi a, a mi gen pen toh a kitanauna uh genlang pah hi. "Na hong pawt ngeika" chih ahih chiang in hiai in eite pen i tawndan ua kipawttuah liailiaite i hihdan uh langsak hi. "Meh k'ong khol ei" chih in invengte toh kingaihnatna liantak anei minam i hihdan langsak hi. "Ka nuphal" chih ahih nawn chiang in sunghte kibang ahihkeileh zite ki-unau uh chihna hi nawn hi. Hichibang a hausa pau nei minam i hihdan mangngilh louh a, zat ding kizumpih hetlouh poimoh hi.
I pau leh lai khansakna ding in mimal kuapeuh in poimohna kinei chiat hi. Na insung ah nangmah pianpih pau zang inla, na pupa tawndan leh khanglui tangthu hoihtaktak omte na tu leh tate kiang ah hilh gige in. Khang kibansam a i om louhna ding un i pianpih pau mah pibawl chiatni.
©Valte Ginkhenpau, 2017