GAMMANG POIMOHNA - N. Sonzalian, IFS Dehradun (UK)
I tenna gam uh sing-le-lou pou utna, mun hoih mahmah ana hikha hi. I gam in vuahtui leh nisa kiningching taka mu ahihmanin, sing-le-lou te’n ngeih in khang-ut mahmah uhi. I gampek te amah om-om in omsak le’ng hing dipdip pah ding hi. Hichi banga gam hoih (naturally endowed) ah I pi-pu te’n honna tenpih uhi. Ahihhangin tuni chiah I gam in keu lam manawh in, kumteng in kholum kebehlap hiaihiai a, singtang dawn ah thoukang bang muhding omta hi.
GAMMANG DINMUN :-
I gammang dinmun uh Forest Survey of India 2011 Report anuai a bang ahi:-
Atunga i etleh 93.54% gammang (forest cover) kinei chihna ahi. Gammang lam a hausa pawltak kihiding bang hi. Ngun deuha i etleh, Open Forest area 55.9% phazou hi. Sing leh gua a pou hoih namun 50% pha zoulou chihna ahi. Hiai in agen ahihleh gammang minpu lel gam lian mahmah chihna ahi.
A deihhuai pen category, ‘Very Dense Forest’ [i.e. gammang sing-le-lou bittak a
omna] i District sungah 37 square kms. kia ah omta hi. I District geographical area pumpi apat 0.81% lel ahi. I gammang beidek ana hi maizen vele.
Hiaite thilkhat kia ziaka hongtung hilou in thil tampi kigawm ziak ahi. Hiaite bang ziak hihiam chih enkhawm leng kachi hi.
1. LOUNEIH DAN:- I pi-pu te kum zakhat val paita akipan lou anavat in kumteng in loumun suan uhi. Hiai pen English a shifting cultivation achih uh ahi. Ei gam kia hilou in singtanggam khovel mun tuamtuam ah ana chindaan uh ahi. Louneih dan hoih leh manpha(profitable) ahihziak hilou in, a baihlam(simple) ziaka tuni tan zattouh hilai hi.
Kum 50 paita khawngin mihing kitawm lai ahihmanin, gampek kidaih in amun khek zel mahle uh avat nasa mun uh kum 10 bei nung in vaat kik nawn pan uhi. Huai sungin a gam nana hing nawn man a sing le gua nana pou man mahmah hi. A lei (soil) leng nana hoihkik (recharge/restore) man hi. Tuni chiangin mihing i pun dungzui in i lou vatna munte lian mahmah ta hi. Kum 5 chinma bangin i louvatna mun ngeimah ah vatnawn ngai hi. A lei nana hoihkik manlou in, buh piangkhia kiam deuhdeuh (low productivity) hi. I gam leitang akipan buh khamzawhdi piang zou nawnlou hi.
Hiai loumun kumtenga khekin i gammang tamzaw suseta hi. I gam sing-le-lou a suksiat kia hilou in, louvat nasep akipan buh khamkhop di kimu nawnlou hi. Singtang a louneite a ut thu ua louvat hidingin gintakhuai tuanlou hi. “LOU VAT TOU ZEL INLA, ZAWNG DEUHDEUH IN” chihna himai hi.
2. GLOBAL WARMING :- Khovel pumpi in a buaipih kumteng a khua lum deuhdeuh ahi. Hiai pen khovel mun tuamtuam a gammang te hihsiata omziak leh khovel in thautui hahzat luat (burning of fossil fuel) ziak hipen hi. Gari nei ki pung deuhdeuh ahihna ah, i gam lumsaktu ki pung deuhdeuh chihna ana himawk hi. Hiai Global warming in I gam honna awl (exempt) tuanlou hi. Huaiziakin I gam lum deuhdeuh a, keu hiaihiai hi.
3. NEKTAK BUAINA (POVERTY) :- I gamsung ah buh khamzawhdi piang nawnlou hi. Huai ziakin, gammang a sing le gua te nekmuh nadi’n mi tamtak in zang uhi. Hiai in leng i gamsung hing dipdip dinglai naktakin hihbuai pha hi.
I gamsunga nekding pianglou leh nekmuh nading nasepding tawmlua ahihna ah i
gammang te’n ana thuak lawh uleh lamdang lua hikhollou ding hi.
4. DUH-AMNA (GREED) :- Gammang a gou tampi om ahihna ah, nekding tasam hetlou napi, a pungding etlahna in gammang sing leh gua te sat in om veve hi. Mi hausa pipi te’n sum dawnna di’n gammang a sing leh gua te satsak in zuakzel uhi.
Gammang beidek hi thil lung himawh huai mah mah ahi.
GAMMANG OM LEH OMLOUH KOI TEEL ZAW DI ?
Gammang te poimoh dan mi nautang, heutu-te leh kua peuh in i phawk thak poimoh hi. Gammang a om leh omlouh koi ahoihzaw a chih theihchiat poimoh hi. A chiansem nading in anuaia thute ana simtou di’n ka hon ngen hi.
1.Gammang a omleh sing le gua kia hilou in tui leng tamsak hi. Gammang omlouhna ah tuinek ding muh haksa hi. Shimla khopi a tuinek ding a khonawla a gammang (catchment forest) kepbit ahih ziakin tuni tan omthei hi. Tua mahbangin USA a New York khopi kianga catchment forest kepbit ahihziakin tuinek ding siang mu uhi.
Gammang a omlouh chiangin tui khang-guih (flash floods) om nuam mahmah hi. Etsakna dingin Lamka khopi tumlam a Thangching tangdung a sing-le-lou chihtaak a om nawnlouh ziakin, vuah tamdeuh azukleh Chiengkon luitui khang-guih a, Lamka khopi sung lamlian hawktui in dimpah hi. Thangching tangdung leh a nuailam a mualneute ah sing-le- lou pou dimlai hileh hichibang tui khang-guih chihte omlou ding hi. Vuahtui in tangtak a lei a dending sing-le-lou te’n nana daldi (obstruct) ua, loupa omte’n leitunga a luanding nana awlsak (brake) lai ding uhi. Thamlou in vuahtui tamtak leinuaitui(groundwater) dingin ki khol ding hi. Hiai leinuai a kikholkhawm tuite khawkhaal hun in Lamka khopi tuinek di’n phatuam mahmah ding hi.
2.Gammang a omleh vasa leh gamsate om hi. India solkal leh khovel mi siam zaw ten gammang poimawh dan thei chiang mah mah uhi. Sing-le-lou leh gamsa te kepbitding ngimna in i sorkar in India gampek (geographical area) 5.02% sungah Wildlife Protected Area Network(PAN) nei hi. Hiaite atangpi in chi nih om hi – National Park leh Wildlife Sanctuary.
Ei District sungah leng KAILAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY chih ngim ahi. (A spelling gelh khelh hilou in, Kailam chih dik zaw ahi chi uhi). A hong lohchin a, tulela damlel leh khangsawnte(posterity) adia i gou manpha neihte lakua khat ahihngei i lamen hi.
Mi tamtakte’n bangziaka gamsa te kepbit ding ahia ichi maithei uhi. Bible akipan in
ganhing te kepbit angaihdan muhtheih hi. Noa longsung a Pathian in gamsa chikim, anu leh apa, lutsakding chih thupiak abawl akipan in ganhing (species) khat lel leng abeiding aphalkei chih muhtheih hi. Huaiziakin, Khristian i hihna ah Pathian deihdan tawh kituaka ganhing chi tuamtuam kembittu a i pan poimoh hi. Ganhing (species) chikhat subeitu (extinction) i hih khakding kiveng ni.
3.Gammang omna ah sing-le-lou te’n carbon-dioxide hipmang ua, oxygen khahkhia uhi. I theihchiatsa mahbang un carbon-dioxide mihingte damtheihna susetu hi a, oxygen i damtheihna adia huntenga i poimoh gige ahi. Gammang omna ah a huih siangin (ZOU HUIHKHI SIANG) khua leng votdeuh hi.
Tulela ka sepna mun FRI campus, Dehradun ah sing-le-lou a bit mahmah ziakin, Dehradun khopi sung sangin lum-le-vot (temperature) 20C vel in niamzaw gige hi. Nipi(summer) chiangin FRI campus nopdan mite’n gen nak-khem uhi.
THUKHITNA
A tunga i kikupna te akipan in i gam in a poimoh masak - gampek zatdi dan (land- use planning) - hi in muhtheih hi. I gam a louvat a nekzonna pen tawpsan hunta hi. Khokhat a tengte’n i nekzonna kahiang tuamtuam(diversification) a i paiding ahi. Mi bangzah hiam in theigah(apple, lengthei, kawlsing, zawngtah, suaklu, kawltu etc.) leipi i bawldia, mi dang bangzah hiam te’n tuilou bawl in leh midang omlai te’n pak-huan, nga-kul, khuai-khoi, puan-gat, puan-khui, carpentary chihte sem le’ng i lohching zawksem gintakhuai hi. I gamsung neusim bang mahleh a zatdan i siamleh, tenna mundi kia hilou in, nek-le-tak ding kichingtak, damtheihna leh mite theihphakna (recognition) honpe ding hi.