Inner Line Permit - Leh A liamsa Hunte
Written by Vungzamuan Valte, Columnist Zogam.com

British te`n Bengal, Assam, leh Burma a luhsuah tung lai un, Arakan, Chin Hills, Chittagong Hills, Lushai Hills, Naga Hills, Khasi Hills, North Cacha Hills lak ah gamneitu singtangmi nam tuamtuam toh ki-maituah uhi. Sumdawnna, vaihawmna, Tea plantation leh siah kaihkhawmna vai ah hiai singtangmite`n nasatakin haksatna tun ua, Cachar phaizang, Chittagong phaizang, Assam phaizang, Burma phaizang, Manipur phaizang leh mun tuamtuam luhthithe uhi. Luh ichih chiangin, lulak, salkaih, mithah, galvan suh, khua buhal, neih-le-lam suhsak, gan laksak, gam luahkhum etc. ahi tangpi hi. Kivenbit zoh sengding hilou chi in, mualpang teng ah outpost bawl mahle uh phatuam diaklou hi. Huchi in 1873 kum in, THE BENGAL EASTERN FRONTIER REGULATION kichi dan mumaltak bawlkhia uhi. Hiai thukhun in Naga Hills, Lushai Hills, Khasi, Jaintia, Garo Hills, Mikir Hills, North Cachar Hills, except Manipur and Tripura huamkha hi.

Hiai regulation tungtawn in mualtung mite gamtattheihna ding bikhiahna gamgi (boundary) bawlsak uhi, huai gamgi kaantante gaal leh sa a mattheih ahi uhi. Phaizangmite zong singtangmite gam ah lut ding phalsak hilou uhi, huaipen Inner Line Permit system kipatna ahi hi (ILP). Zoo sung a ganhing kepbit dandeuh a, tribal te khumchibilhna DAN, leh phaizang a tengte asuasam gige theihlouhna ding ua thukhun kibawlkhia ahi hi. 1880 kum in The Assam Frontier Tracks Regulation bawlkhiak hinawn leuleu hi, NEFA ichih tua Arunachal Pradesh, hiai thukhun in huamkha hi. Thukhun bawl kia huntawklou a, buaina liansemsem ahihna ah, hiai savage tribe te buluhkhiak ngai ahi, chi in Arakan expedition, Chin Hills Expedition, Lushai expedition etc. nasatak mai bawl in omta hi, huchi in 1890 vel apat betdaih hita ua, Britishte thuneihna nuai ah koih in omta uhi. Hiai singtanggamte ah kivaihawmna mumaltak bawlkhiakzoh ding vual hilou chi uhi, sepaih, galvan, sum le pai, kikawmtuahna etc. haksatna ziakin, tangmite amau leh amau Hausate tungtawn in kivaihawm sak uhi.

British te`n singtanggamte ah Superintendent koih ua, hausate tungtawn in siah (tax) nuamtakin khon hiauhiau lel uhi. Hiaidan a kivaihawmna pen THE CHIN HILLS REGULATION 1896 kichi hi. Hiai regulation in Naga Hills leh Lushai Hills huamkha hi, huchi in 1911 kum in North Cachar Hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia Hills te huamkhak sak hi uhi (Manipur leh Tripura huamkha lou). Garo Hills pen Assam phaizang leh Bengal phaizang toh kinailua ahihman in 1897 in hiai Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Garo Hills apat zukkhiak ahi hi (repealed).

Tanggam apat kisimna, kithahna, kimatnate 1897 in beita hi, banghang a hiai regulation kizang lailai hiam??? chih mitampite genmangmoh ahi hi. Chin Hills Regulation dunjui in gamdangmite leh phaizangmite singtanggam apat pawtkhiaksak hi ua (nohdok), permit neilou peuhmah lutsak hinawnlou uhi, Missonaryte permit nei in lutsak ua, tangmite lak ah nasem uhi. Hiai Missionary te`n British vaihawmtute toh policy bawl in, a sepkhawmna uah thunei takin om uhi. Tunichiangin, Naga buaina, leh tangmite buaina ah Western Missionary te zong kisiamtan louhial uhi, banghanghiam chihleh, tuamtuanse kisakna in India mi leh sa hihna lungput pelou a, amau a kivaihawm thei ding hisamlou ahihna uah, poisa uhi.

Hiai kituambawlna policy pen Government of India Act, 1919 in sunzom leuleu a, BACKWARD AREAS/tracts chih minloh hi. Symon Commission in hiai tungtang nasatakin ngaihtuah a, Government of India Act, 1935 ah Partially Excluded Areas leh Excluded Areas chi in khenkhia nawn leuleu uhi. NEFA (Arunachal Pradesh), Naga Hills, Lushai Hills, North Cachar Hills teng Excluded Areas dingin Order March, 3, 1936 in suahkhiak ahi hi. Garo Hills, Mikir Hills, Khasi and Jaintia Hills teng Partially Excluded Areas chih ahi uhi. Excluded Areas teng ah Superintendent vaihawmna hi a, (Deputy Commissioner) Hausa tungtawn mah in kivaihawm lai uhi. Partially Excluded Areas te`n Provincial Assembly ah representative sawl thei uhi. Indian Independence nungin bel, Sixth Schedule kichi provision tuam mawng mawng guanlut ahi hi, Hiai Sixth Schedule provision January, 26, 1950 (Indian Constitution) zatpat hi a, Naga Hills, Lushai Hills, Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, Garo Hills, Mikir Hills leh North Cachar Hills te ah zat pat in om hi. Hiai thukhun in a tuppipen bel, tribal customs leh culture kepbitna, mahni kivaihawmna (autonomy) ahi hi. Partially Excluded Areas policy paitoukawm zel in Fifth Schedule kichi zong omsak lai uhi, huai bel Article 371 (C) toh kituak linlian zel hi.

Ahihleh, Manipur leh Tripura banghang a hiai provisions te`n huapkhalou ahia le? Chin Hills Regulation, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, Backward Areas, Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas, Sixth Schedule tengteng tanggammite a ding ahi hi, himahleh Manipur leh Tripura tellou mawk uhi. Ahang bel, Britishte ahonglut tunglai un hiai gam nih te Kingdom ahi uhi (Lalgam/Maharaja vaihawmna). India gamsung a mun tuamtuam North West Frontier, Sindh, Himachal, Kashmir, Hyderabad, Patiala, Sikkim leh gam dangdang tampitak KUMPI nei a kivaihawmte, a kumpite uh tungtawn in British te`n vaihawm sawn uhi, huaite lak ah Tripura leh Manipur teltei khanglang uhi. Manipur pen Lalgam ahihna toh Maharaja Gambhir Singh hunin Burma te`n zoudimdem (gam laksak) uhi, huailai in British te Gambhit Singh hunkhe dingin lut ua, Burmate hawlmang uhi. Huchi in, 1826 kum in “Treaty of Yandabo” tungtawn in Kabaw Valley zong Manipur Leng in mansuah hi.

Britishte Manipur ah kikhual ua, Political Agent koih uhi, huchi in Manipur Levy kichi Army chikhat, British Army Officer te`n bawlkhia ua, sepaih 2000 thuneih khum uhi. Huaiziakin, Manipur gam in hiai Chin Hills Regulation leh a kaihhnoihte poimoh lou ua, zat zong zanglou hial uhi. 1891 in Manipur ah Palace Coup kichi Bir Tikendrajit Singh in bawl zenhouh hi, British Political Agent leh Army officer hunkhoptak thak uhi. Huchi in, Burma apat Britishte leh lut in, Khongjom ah kikaptuahna thupitak piang leuleu a, Meiteite vuallel uhi, General Paona leh Yuvraj BirTikendrajit te khailup ahi uhi. British te thuneihna khauh semsem a, Maharaja pen titular head (ceremonial head) suaksak uhi. Singtanggam ah bel Hausa vaihawmna toh paitou den a Maharaja thuneihna om taktak lou hial hi. Leitung kidoupi khatna First World War ah Kumpinu galdou dingin akuan utlou a kiphin pawl om ua, (1917-1919) Kuki rebellion (Zogal) kichi hi. Huai gal avenkhit phet in, singtanggam ah Britishte kiseklut ua Circle banah Sub Division awl in dinkhia uhi.

Manipur pen a tuamna hiai ahi, India in Independence amuh hun lai in, The Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947 bawlkhiak hi a, Singtanggam a dingin Manipur State Hills (Administration) Regulation, 1947 bawlkhiak hileu leu hi. Huchidan in parallel administration dandeuh paitou panpan a, himahleh 21, September, 1949 in Manipur Maharaja Bodh Chandra Singh toh India government in Merger Agreement sign uhi. Hiai agreement ah Article IX tak om mahleh, special provision bangmah tuanglou hi, Maharaja in Life pension anei ding, a private property te a utdan in a zangthei ding, a title a retain thei ding chih khong leltak ahi uhi. Hills leh Plains chihzong bangmah kigelh se lou hi. Manipur in Indian Union a zot ni apat Part C state a guanlut ahi hi.

Awl in thukhun bawlkhiak hong hi ua, The Manipur (Village Authority in Hill Areas) Act, 1956, The Manipur Hill Areas Acquisition of Chief`s Rights Act, 1967 (not implemented), The Manipur Hill Areas (House Tax) Act, 1966, leh ML&LR Act, 1960 chih khong. A gamsung mite kiphin leuleu ua, 1972 in State piching piak in om uhi, huailaitak in The Manipur (Hill Areas) District Council Act, 1971 Indian Constitution Article 371 (C) nuai ah Fifth Schedule zong kichi, bawlkhiak in om hi. Huchih dungjui in, The Manipur Legislative Assembly Hill Areas Committee ORDER, 1972 zong ditkhiak ahi hi.

Foreigners Act, 1946 dungjui in, Protected Areas Permit (PAP) Restriction kichi India gam mun tuamtuam ah zattheih dingin Foreigners (Protected Areas) order, 1956 pansan in, Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963 kum in bawlkhiak ahi hi. Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh mun khenkhat, Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim etc. ah hiai thukhun kizang hi. Foreigner te mawk lut mawkmawk theilou ua, permission neih masak ngai ahi hi. Himahleh, Tourism promote utna ziakin December, 30, 2010 in hiai restriction pen Manipur, Mizoram, leh Nagaland ah lakkhak ahita hi.
Mizoram ah Inner Line Permit system kizang ngitnget hi, Nagaland ah zong huchimah bangin. Ahang bel, Chin Hills Regulation 1896, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, Backward Tracts, Partially Excluded and Excluded Areas, Sixth Schedule chia dan kibawl tengteng mumaltak in zang ngitnget uhi. Tripura leh Manipur gamsungte ah ILP dan kigakna thukhun, dan leh dun achik achik in om ngeilou mawng mawng hi,

Maharaja thuneihna Kingdom ahihziak un. Tu in Foreigners te nasan lutphalna thukhun bawlkhinta zawmah uhi. Mizoram in statehood amuh lai in Mizo Accord (Memorandum of Settlement) 1986 ah “The Inner line Regulation, as now in force in Mizoram, will not be amended or repealed without consulting the state government” chih kigelh kiukiau hi. Mizoram in bel a neihsa uh (ILP) paihkhiak ding a remsakpih louh un hitheilou ding chi uhi, Manipur inbel a neihlouhpi uh deihgoh tuntun uhi. Meghalay state sung a Garo Hills ah 1897 in ILP system lakkhiak ahi hi, 1979 in nasatak in kiphinna nei ua, himahleh ILP tungtang pen Central government thuneihna ahi, state in law bawl theilou chihthu ziakin tawpkik uhi. Tulai in kiphin nawn leuleu ua, state assembly tanpha in remsa mahleh Central government dawnna khauh mahmah lel hi, a omsate leng lakkhiak kisawm ahi, mundang ah koihbelh kisawmlou hial ahi ..chihdan hi….huaizong UPA II Congress government ahihlai ahi hi. Manipur ah kiphinna sousing semsem mahleh, local politics kan hilou ding hi, foreignerte nasan lutsak thei in, India mi lutsak louh ding chih chu zuauthu ahi hi. Schedule Tribe hi hut leuleu ua, kituisabuah ahimai kei uh maw, uingol gamphut aching ua.

A muallimasa hunte lakkik theih hilou hi, kiletsak luat le poi ahita ve, a lalgam uh neu hiaihiai, thupi lua akisak sung ua, bangmahpi ahihlouh dan uh kum 200 nung a kimuthak phing akei ua, mahmah le sa ke. Manipuri Language Eight (VIII) schedule status ah tuangsak velvual hial ua, Raslila (Manipuri Dance) khovel pumpi ah minthanpih hial ua, Hindu kulmut ahihna uh mangngilh kha aduam maw. A chitak teng nene a, a tuihang teng hawphawp kawm a, chilchil leh neknek thuah ahi ngei ding uhi. BJP leh Hindutva Ideologue te lunglutlam ahih zong gintakhuai keihial, mitdel kipi mah bang uh sa ing. Khantouhna deih, Railways lah tungdekta, India government in sum crores 5000 val in bawlsak lellel hi, ILP toh kikelki mahmah lel hi, South Asian market luh ni, Asian Highway paisak ni, Burma toh kizopna hoihsem nei ni, ichihleh, Inner line…tuabang thute hamhaih vailua sa ing. In parting, Tripura tribals got 6th schedule status in 1986, Meiteite toh kibang lel le hilim ve hang aw, tunung nung a ngetthak phingphing le. Solution om thei mai ding agaivah mahmah khat aom ziakin, I antenna uh a tung gawkgawk ve maw..