ALEXANDER THE GREAT
(356 – 323 BC)
By Timothy Simon Pau

Leitung mihing te lak ah mithutpi( the great) suak mitawmcik bek om aa, tuate lak ah Alexander pen akitheipen khat hi dinghi. Mithupi ih cihte pen namtuamtuam hi in, Alexander ahih leh galkap mangpi (general) hi in, ama hunlai leitung hunpaiziatawh en leng Alexander thupitna pen nasia mahmah hi.

BC 356 kum in Makedonia gam ukpi pa ahi Philip in a Zi Olympias tawh tapa it huai mahmah khat hongnei in, tuapen Alexander ahihi. Aksi omdan et na tawh mailam thupiang ding athei (astrologer) khat in, " Ih tapa pen galdo na ah kuamah in zo ngei lo ding hi" ci in ukpi pa Philip kiang ah gen hi ci hi. A gen hongtangtung takpi zawlai deep hi.
Nikhat sakol akipantah nailo khat, a tha hoihmahmah amin ah Bucephalus acih sakol pen Philip kiang ah hong kizuak hi. Sakol tungtuan siampawl in tua sakol zattheih ding in hongpantah uhhi. Kuamah in Sakol zual sak zo lo in, ukpi pa'tapa naupang Alexander hongpai in, Sakol kampan in honglen in, Sakol in ama maitai na mu aa alauhloh nading in, ama kianglam ngasak in, zuut in, atungah tuang in honghawl hi.

Philip in zong atapa muangmahmah ahih man in " Katapa aw, Makedonia gampen nang aa ding in neulua ahih manin, nangtawh kituak ding ukpi gam na laakbeh kul dinghi" ci in gen ci hi. Hihthu pen thusuak neite thugen bang inh hongtangtung takpi hi. Tua athugen aa kipan in Kum(20) khitciang in Alexander in Greek ukpigam hong uk khitciang in Persia ukpi gam thupi mahmah hongla in, leilulam ah zong gam ong la beh in, Aigupta leh India gam dongin gam hong kek diahdiah ta hi.

Sawltak Paul in, mipil Gamaliel kiangpan in pilna sin in akhankhiatpen kimuang mahmah aa, Alexander zong leitung aa thuhilhsiam pen leh mithupi mahmah Aristotle kiangpan in akhankhiat hongsuang mahmah hi. Mipil Aristotle in Alexander pen mithupi mahmah ding in hongpantah to in, gualzo mithupi, makai hoih ding in hongpan tah kici thei hi.

Alexander pen a zia hoih in, nasep siamte pahtawisiammahmah aa, mi apahtawi siamna pen azia hoih na khat ahihi. A Sakol neih Bucephalus pen hongsi in, sawtpitak hunsung apu ading nasem ahih man in Alexander in zong alawmhoih mahmah khat asibang in nasa mahmah hi. Khuapi khat ongsat in, tua khuapi min ding in a Sakol min ahi "Bucephalia" min hongtap sak hi ci in, tangthu gelhsiam Plutarch in gelh hi.

Alexander pen migualzo mawkmawk hi lo in, thukhen siam leh mipil mahmah ahihi. Leitung khempeuh pen pumkhat in bawlsawm hi. Agam laak tepen suahtak na piaden in, tuaban ah Greek pilna leh siamna hongkhah khia zel hi. Kum(13) sungding bek ukpi za onglen in, kum(33) bek aphak in hongsi mawk hi. Hih ama hunsung in Europe gampan kipan in, Asia gam, India gam dong in Greek pilna leh siamna te hongthehzaak in, khantohna kong ahong pa ahihi.
Alexander pen galdo mi, mi that ding aa hongpiang hi leh kilawm liang hi. Naupang ahih lai in alukham nuai ah temta neu khat leh Illiad koih den hi ci hi. ( Illiad cih pen kido na tangthu bu, Homer gelh ahihhi.) Khatvei apa gamkeek (gam la) aa apai ongciah in, apa in ama gamkeek ding, akoihsak loh khak ding lau in kap liang hi ci in kigen hi. Khatvei leuleu alawmte khat in, Olympic taikidem na ah na kihel sawmhia lawm? Ci in adot leh Alexander in " sawm e maw khai, taikidem pih ding ukpi aom naak leh" ci in dawngkik ci hi.

Philip in BC 338 kum in Charonea kido na ah Athen khua leh Theban khua hongzo hi. Hih ki do nasung ah ukpi tangval kum(18)ding bek ahi Alexander in Makedonia sakol galkap pawl hong makaih in, gualzawh na la zo ta hi.

BC 336 kumin ukpi pa Philip pen mi tualthah in hongsi aa, hih ukpi pa ki thah na ah atapa Alexander kihel ding in ki ummawh hi. Ahih hang in, tetci (witness) ding khat zong omlo hi. Ukpi Philip pen thukhen siam mahmah khat, kilem na adeih mahmah khat ahih zenzen hang in, a inn kuansung ah buaina khat hongbawl vat mawk hi. Alexander ii nu Olymapias pen honghawlkhia in Makedonia nungak " Cleopatra" a cih nutawh hongki tenguh hi. Mopawi ah buaina liankhat ongpiangvat mawk in, Cleopatra ii pano(uncle) in milian tekiang ah " ukpi za alaihding mi hongpian khiat theih nading in Greek pasian te kiang ah ngen ni" ci hong gen melmul hi. Tuatak ciang in Alexander zong a hehong suak pahvat in zu koihna bungkhat hongla in, tua thugen pa satding in hong sawm hi. A pa Philip zukham lua kisa dingzong dingtangthei lo kawm mah in, anamsaupi hong dok in atapa satding in hongki thawi hi. Ahih hang in, zu khamlua ahih man in hongtuuk in honglum deepdaap hi. Alexander in zahpih nuihsan kawm in " Ngai vo, Europe gampan in Asia gamkantan ding pa pen, tutna pan in mundang ah apaikhiat ding bekbek zong amah leh amah kipal gawp in tuuk hilo maw" ci hih tuak hi.

Bangbang ahi zong in, Olympias pen Philip sih na thu ah mawhnei ding in ki ummawh thei hi. Ahang pen numei akamsia khat ahi Cleopatra pen kigui awklum sak in, atapa neih uh zong pen pasian tekiang ah kithawih nading in piak sak hi.
Alexander pen BC 336 kum in, kum(20)zong cingtaktak nailo in, Makedonia ukpi za hongngah hi. Ukpi tutna ah atut akipan in amah alangpan hongom pah hi. Trace, Thebes, Illyria leh Thessaly te in amah honglangpan uhhi. Hih ukpi gamte pen Philip khutnuai aa aomkhin sa te uh ahihi.
Thessaly ( Greek gamkhat) ah agalkap te makaih in hongpai aa, sisan luanglo in kilemna hongneih pih hi. Tuaban ah Greek ukpi dangte inzong Alexander pen a ukpi ding leh, amakai pi ding in hongsang theita uhhi. Tuaciang, Philip tawh kilemna, thukim na, neiding ci aa thukim na aneihna sa uh ahi, Asia gam tawh kisai zong hoihtak in hongzom to thei in, Alexander pen amakai piding in hongsangthei kik uhhi.

Persia ukpi gam, gamzaipi leh thupi mahmah ukding aa hongkipat ma in, Tracian pawlte, Illyrians pawlte, Thebes pawl te, khat khit khat in hong thu zawh phot hi. Thebes ah mi tulsawmguk ding hongthat in, numei leh naupang amat te uhpen sal dingin zuak hi. Hihpen amah alangpan te lauhna ding aa ahih ahihi.

Hih kidona sungah, Alexander kido asiam zia leh galkap makaipi (general) asiam zia hongki langkhia hi. Mihangsan leh mithahat ahihdan zia mi te in hongthei khia taktak ta uh aa, hongmin thang mahmah hi.

Ukpi Emperor Napoleon pen " leitung aa galkap makaipi( general) hoih thupipen" ( The Greatest General of all times) ci in tangthugelh siam (historian) ten gelhden uh aa, tua galkap makai hoih Napoleon amahmah in, leitung ah galkap makai(general) hoih leh mithupi, athupitsak mahmah mi(7) tengkhia in tuate pen- " Alexander, Hanibal, Julius Ceaser, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Prince Eugene leh Frederick the Great" te ahihi.

Asia gam lading aa hongdinkhiat ma in, Alexander in a ukpi gam (royal estate) pen alawmte hawmsak gaimang khin hi. Tua alawmte lak aa akihel khat Pediccas in " Nang ading nakoih laihia?" ci in donghi. Ukpi pa in " Lam etna" koih lai ingh ci in dawngkik aa, Pediccas in " Na galkap te in tua nagenthupen sangthei ungh ei. Nangtawh paikhawm aa galdo in, ko te in zong na lamet na lo ngal adang bangmah kisam kei ungh" ci in genhi ci hi.

BC 334 kum ong tungta in, Sakol galkap(cavalry) tulnga leh lei galkap( infantry) tulsawmthum hongmakaih in Persia ukpi pa Daria doding in hongkuan khia ta hi. Persia galkap te in Granicus luipi pan in khaktan ongsawm hi. A galte kapna thal lengziahziah lak sung hongphulto in Sakol galkap( cavalry) pawl in luipi hongkantan uh aa, tuakhit ciang in lei galkap ( infantry) pawl inzong luipi hongkantan uhhi. Kido na nasia mahmah hongkipan ziahziah ta hi.

Alexander pen amasalam aom galkap telak ah ongki hel in, a awmdal leh alukhu langnihtuak kipeh na kaangliklek hang in Persian galkap pawlin baihtak in Alexander ahih lam hongtheikhia pah uh hi. Amahmah thahding in hongsawm in neipen uh ahih man in, a dinmun ahaksat takciang in alawmpa " Cleitus" in hawnkhia hi kici hi.

Alexander mai ah khuapi kulhkongpi nei te pen guallel in hongki piapahziahziah uh hi. Manlang tak in thukhensat vatvat in, athu khensat nabang in zong sempah lianlian ahih manin, agalte pen naki gingkhol man ngeilo uh ahih man in meetpih mahmah hi. Ahih hang in Persia ukpi pa Daria do ding in hongpaikuan in, manmawh lua leh akinawh luat nahang in sih lawhdek tak hi.

Sun ni thapai nisa mahmah nuai ah Sakol tungtuang in, hongpaipai leh Cynus luipi khat a vawtdikdek mun hongtung hi. Kidawmlo in tuisung ah honglutpah vat in, tuisung ah hong kidiah dikdek vat mawk ahih man in, deihtak in akhua hongsik hi. A siavuan ten zong cihna ding thei lo in honglungkham uh aa, tualaitak in Acarnania mi, Philip in adamtheihna ding zatui ongbawlsak thei ding hi ci in agalkap tekiang ah gen hi. Zatui abawlsak laitak in amah acing luuikhat ahi Permenio in kidawm in cih laikhat pia hi. " Ukpi Dara in tua siavuan papen gutui tawh hongthahnading in sawl ngeingei kha thei ding ahih man in" ci in laigelh pia hi..

Ukpi pa Alexander in tualai hongsim laitak in siavuan pan'zong, azatui abawl hongtawi in Alexander kiang ah hongpai hi. Alexander in hih laisimsin aw acihkawm in zatui haila in, azatui hongdawn gaimang hi. A siavuan pa Philip pen muangmahmah lel in, zong muangkhial lo hi. Hong bawlbawl in hongdam aa, Persian pawl nawkding in hongkithawi kik ta uhhi.

Persia ukpi Daria (Darius) pen amatheih ciangciang ah, leitung teng a ukkhat hi ve ahihman in, thupi kisa mahmah in, tuahang in amahleh amah " athupi ukpi pa" ( the great of King) ci in minkipia hi. A ukpi gampen zaimahmah in, Asia khuamualpi khempeuh, Aigupta gamdong in a ukpi gam hizen hi. A hih hang in amatung aa lungkimlo, a ukpi za pan ahemkhia nuam, ama khutnuai aa om ukpi dangpawlkhat om veve hi. Tuaban ah Alexander khutnuai ah om leng nuamsa zaw in, zong kikhang to zaw khading hi cih hong lamen uh ahih man in, ama nuai ah omding hongtel zaw uhhi.
Daria pen ukpi hat lo, kido zongsiam vetlo khat hi in, galkap lah bangzahding hiam khat hau mahmah dep hi. Persia galkap te leh Greek galkap te pen Issus zaanggamsung ah hongki do ta uhhi. Makedonia galkap te in noptakin hongzo uhhi. Ukpi Daria pen baakleng bang in honggaltaai khia ta aa, a Zi ata te leh a Nu pen Alexander pawl ahi Makedonia galkap te in hongman ta uhhi.

Alexander in ukpi Daria ong delh in , ahih hang in lawhcinglo in hongkileh kik hi. Daria' Zi kiang ah Daria a dam thu te, hoihtak aa akikep nading tawhkisai thute hilh hi. Mite in acitzia leh alungduai zia pen lamdang sathei mahmah uhhi. Daria' Zi " Stateira" pen leitung aa melhoih pen ding aa ki um mawh hi in, kuakua in zong manmah leh bawlsia kenteh cihbel up huai hi.

Alexander in ukpi Daria hongki piak nading in ngen aa, ahih hang in Daria kipia nuam maimai vetsam lo hi. Tua ahih man in amah matzawh nading hanciam hongkul ta hi. A mah mat ma in Syiria gam laakmasak hongsawm phot hi. Syiria gamkhuapi Tura khuapen tuipigei ah aom ahihman in, tuadan aa olno tak aa laakziau theihding dan hi lohi. Tuipi dumkiukeu zaipitak tung ah, Sidon pawl te neih gunkuang te zang in "Tura" ah honglut uhhi. Siamna namtuamtuam zang in Tura khuapi hongla theita uhhi.
Tua khit ciang in Palestina leh Aigupta hongla kik hi. Aigupta gamah khuapi thak khat hongsat in, tua asat khua min ding in ama min phuak in Alexander khuapi ci in hongphuak hi. Tuakhuapi thakpen gunkuang khawlna munthupi khat honghi in, tuapen Alexander thupitna akilangsak khat hongsuak hi. Tua khuapi ki satzawh kum tulnih valbang pha khin in, ama min leh amah ngilhloh na, khuapi khat ongsuak ta hi. Aigupta ah aomlai in Ammon pawl kikhop na biakinn ah hongpai in, tualai aa om apasian in atapa dingin nasang hici hi.

Alexander pen Aigupta gam leh Syiria gam ading in ukpi thak ong hi ta in, BC 331 kum in Tura khuapi ah honglut in, Persia do ding tawh kisai hong ngaihsun kik ta hi.Ukpi Daria in galkap tengsawm (1000000) nei in kigenden aa, ahih hang tua zahliang bel thei khang in, tuazahlang bel nei khamai thei tak hi. Tuatak ciang, Persia galkap tampitak te leh Greek galkap te Gangamel mun acih na ah hongkido ta uhhi. Hih kido na pen " Arbella kidona" ci in kigen den hi.

Hih kido na ah Greek galkap, Sakol tungtuang tepen hongsiam mahmah ahih man in Alexander in gualzawh na hongla leuleu hi. Ukpi Daria pen hong galtaai simtheih samhang in, tuahun lai tak aa leitung ah ukpi thupipen ding aa akingaihsun, Persia ukpi gampen gual lel hong hi ta hi. Tua akipan in "Persepolis" khuapi, leitung aa khuapi, ahaupen leh athupipen a ki ngaihsun, tua khuapi sung ah honglut uh aa, Alexander neihsa honghi mangta hi.
Alexander zong, ukpi Daria manding in hongkuankhia kik in, ahihhang amatma in golhguk ne khat in na that man in, Greek pawl in aluangbek ngah uhhi. Alexander in ukpi Daria zahtak piak na in, apuantualpi tawh khuh hi ci hi.
BC 328 kum hong tunciang in Persia ukpi gamkhempeuh pen Alexander khutnuai ah hongkuun ta uhhi. Mipil mahmah, a cingh mahmah leh lungduai mahmah khat in agamlaak te hong uk ta hi. Tua hang in amah anungzui Makedonia mite honglungkimlo in hong heh mahmah uhhi. Tuahang in alungkhamhuai mahmah thukhat hongpiang khia hi.

Zan khat Samarkand kulhsung ah pawilian pikhat khaam uh aa, tualai mun ah mi(10) dingpawlkhat in Alexander phatna la sa uh aa, pasian hi mai hi ci in pahtawi hi. Tua thupen alawmpa Cleitus in a zukham kawmsa in tuathu, zathei vetlo ahih man in, heh kawm sa tawh Alexander onggen sia in honglangbawl hi. Makedonia galkap te hangbek aa Alexander agualzo ahih na thu, Granicus kido na mun ah anuntak na a honkhia pen amah Cleitus ahih thute honggenkhia hi. Hih pawisung ah akihel Greek pawlkhat in a ut lohpi in inn sungpan Cleitus kaikhia uh hi. Ahih hang in ongkileh kik in, Alexander ahuatna leh amah alangbawl nathu honggen kik hi. Alexander zong aheh suak lua ahih man in ateipi tawh hong dawtlum kha liang hi. Tuakhit asawt lo in Alexander hongki sikkik mahmah in, apuanbuk sung ah honglut in, hong lumta mai aa, an ne nuamlo in, nikhat leh zankhat sungding alawmte in hehnem zo lo uhhi. Tualthat hi ding in kingaihsun aa, amah leh amah kimawhsak hi.

Hun leh ni te hongbeitoto in, galkapmang mithupi (general) papen it na ngaihna guamsung ah honglut ta hi. Sogdiana Rock hongzo in, tua mun pan in nungak melhoih mahmah khat " Rokana" akici khat agalkap ten hongman lengleng hi. Nungak leh numei limlim angaihsun vetlo khat in, Oxyartes ii tanu, amoi mikmek in aduanghongkuai ta hiding hiven. Nungaknu it na ngaih na in honglenkip mawk ahih man in, agalkap phualpi uh ahi Bactria mun ah hongkileh kik in, tuagam te ii ngeina tawh kizui in monu leh mopa tegel in moh hongphel hawm uh aa, thupi tak in mo lopna pawi hongbawl uhhi.

BC 327 kumtak ciang in Alexander in India gam hong siik in, Indus luipi kantan in, Hydaspes (Jhelum) kido na ah India ukpi khat ahi Porus hong zo hi. Alexander in Porus kiang ah " Bang hong cih ding ka hi hiam?" ci in a dot leh, Porus in " Ukpi pa in ukpi abawlbang in" ci in dawngkik hi. Ahansan na pen thupi sa lua ahih man in Alexander in a ukpi gam pia kik in, Makedonia ukpi khutnuai ah koih hi ci hi.

Alexander leh agalkap te in Hyphasis (Beas) lui hongtung uh aa, Makedonia galkap te in, pai zel ding hong ut nawn lo uhhi. Tai (mile) tulsawm leh tulnih val hongpai khin ta uh ahih man in, kido zong ning lua mahmah ta in, gual zo hih zong hong khamkeei ta uhhi. Tua hang in Alexander in zong gam laak beh zelding tawhkisai agelna pen hong din khawl phot hi. A cingh mahmah leh azahtaak huaimahmah khat ahi Alexander in, agalkap tampitak te pen lungdamna letsong tampitak pia in ciahsak kik ta aa, amah zong Babulon ah hong kileh kik hi.

Babulon ukpi innsung ah sawtlo khatsung hongdamloh khitciang BC 323 kum in ongsi hi. Aki gen zeelzuul dan inpen Alexander sih nahang bel, gu kipiak na hang aa si hi ci in kigen hi. Ahih hang amah agim a tawl luat hang aa si hi zaw thei kha ding hi. Kum 13 sungbek ukpi hongsem man in, asih in amah kum(33) bek aphak hang in mithupi mahmah khat hi man hi. Gam zaipi tak la in, gualzo mithupi mahmah khat, ahih hang in asihkhit ciang in, a ukpi gamzong beipah hi. Ahih hang, gualzo mithupi, Greek pilna athangsak hi in, leitung tangthukigelh na ah mithupi, aminthang Alexander hi den ding hi.